BACKGROUND Recent data showed that melanoma was more common among patients with Parkinson disease than individuals without Parkinson disease and vice versa. It has been hypothesized that these two diseases may share common genetic and environmental risk factors. METHODS We evaluated the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) selected on the basis of recent genome-wide assoc...

Parkinson disease associated with farming and exposure to agricultural chemicals has been reported in numerous studies; little is known about Parkinson disease risk factors for those living in urban areas. The authors investigated the relation between copper, lead, or manganese emissions and Parkinson disease incidence in the urban United States, studying 29 million Medicare beneficiaries in th...

BACKGROUND Most prognostic studies on Parkinson disease have been hospital based or have applied register-based case-finding methods. Potential under-representation of mild cases may have given biased results. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether Parkinson disease is associated with an increased risk of dementia and death. DESIGN Population-based cohort study. Parkinson disease and dementia were a...

Mutations in the the leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2) gene cause autosomal-dominant Parkinson disease and some cases of sporadic Parkinson disease. Here we found that LRRK2 kinase activity was regulated by GTP via the intrinsic GTPase Roc domain, and alterations of LRRK2 protein that reduced kinase activity of mutant LRRK2 correspondingly reduced neuronal toxicity. These data elucidate the ...

Parkinson disease is a progressive degenerative disease causing motor and non-motor symptoms. Sleep disturbance is a common non-motor symptom and significantly affect the day to day activities of patients and their quality of life. Though common, sleep disturbance is an under diagnosed feature of Parkinson disease (PD). Night-time sleep disturbances have been reported in as many as 60 to 98% of...

background: despite the negative effect of fear of falling during functioning and social participation of patients with parkinson' disease, so far, only few studies have investigated its effect on the quality of life in these patients. we aimed to investigate the association between fear of falling and quality of life controlling for balance impairments based on hip and ankle strategy in d...

Background Parkinson disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and the proportion of people suffering from parkinsonism and Parkinson disease is expected to increase as populations age. Few studies investigated the incidence of parkinsonism and Parkinson disease in the general population, and most of these were based on clinical data only. Objective To estimate the incidence o...

Mutations in GBA, the gene encoding glucocerebrosidase, the enzyme deficient in Gaucher disease, are common risk factors for Parkinson disease, as patients with Parkinson disease are over five times more likely to carry GBA mutations than healthy controls. Patients with GBA mutations generally have an earlier onset of Parkinson disease and more cognitive impairment than those without GBA mutati...

background: considering progressive increase in the senile population and increasing number of parkinson patients (pp) and their movement disorders, researchers are searching for some non-medicinal strategies (i.e. corrective exercises) to promote the efficiency of physical performance and quality of life (qol) among pp. the aim of this study was to assess the fear of falling (fof) and qol foll...