Trees can improve air quality, but at the same time, pollution might put them at risk. Plane(Platanus orientalis L) and willow trees (Salix babylonicaL) are important trees in the green space of Tehran. Plane trees in Tehran have experienced early autumn in recent years due to severe air pollution. The present study, investigated some physiological traits of these trees under study to determine...

A growing body of research shows positive association between parks and physical activity, but very few studies have investigated the characteristics of users and how the activities vary according to different user groups. The purpose of this study was to investigate the socio-demographic profile of the users, their activities and motivation of visiting the park. Total 400 users of Ramna Park w...

Soft storey buildings are characterized by having a storey which has a lot of open spaces. This soft storey creates a major weak point in an earthquake. Since soft stories are classically associated with retail spaces and parking garages, they are often on the lower stories of a building, which means that when they collapse, they can take the whole building down with them, causing serious struc...

An elderly woman wanders about aimlessly in a home for assisted living. Suddenly, she collapses on the floor of a lonesome hallway. Usually it can take over two hours until a night nurse passes this spot on her next inspection round. But in this case she is already on site after two minutes, ready to help. She has received an alert message on her beeper: “Inhabitant fallen in hallway 2b”. The s...

This chapter presents a process modeling approach for holistic process management. The main idea is that domain specific process models are required both to capture the contents of a process based application and to present a process model in a user friendly way. We presents how perspective oriented process modeling supports domain specific process model. Besides we describe how this approach c...

This paper explores the relationships among the usability of a Web-based Public Participatory GIS (Web-PPGIS), the degree of pre-decisional engagement and decision outcomes in the context of a real-world participatory planning project. ArgooMap is used to support local residents in an online procedure for determining the “optimal” location of a new parkade in Canmore, Alberta. UsaProxy is emplo...

iranian women who, in the traditional conditions of the past and norms of the iranian society, have had a limited access to the public spaces of the city, with the changes taken place in our modern day society and factors such as education, employment and so on. nowadays, they have distinguished themselves in various fields and introduced their own issues and concerns to the society. however, i...

Boujagh National Park is the first founded land-marine national park in Iran and the first national park in Gilan Province, N. Iran. This area is a critical refuge for a lot of migratory birds and so many valuable coastal flora and fauna. The present study revealed that, the flora of this area comprises 248 vascular plants and 10 bryophytes out of which six taxa are endemic for the flora of Ira...

the term usability refers to a special index for success of an operating system. this study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of the software usability measurements inventory (sumi) questionnaire as one of the valid and common questionnaires about usability evaluation. the back translation method was used to translate the questionnaire from english to persian back to english. more...