pistacia atlantica is the most important tree species for the economy of many rural areas in west of iran, but no effort has been made for the genetic improvement of this species. the aim of this investigation was to study the genetic variation and inheritance of early growth traits in p. atlantica. for this purpose, three wild pistachio populations comprising 60 randomly selected adult trees f...

Because bird species are lost when forests are fragmented into small parcels, trees that depend on fruit-eating birds for seed dispersal may fail to recruit seedlings if dispersal agents disappear. We tested this prediction in rainforest in the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, by using the endemic tree Leptonychia usambarensis (Sterculiaceae) and birds that disperse its seeds. We investigat...

Our objective was to evaluate piperidine alkaloids as potential resistance factors in Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr, at risk to attack by white pine weevils, Pissodes strobi (Peck). We sampled 72 seedlings in each of two replicated field trials in the Oregon Coast Range. The seedlings were grown from open-pollinated seeds of putatively "resistant" or "susceptible" off-site parenta...

We study the limiting distribution of the degree of a given node in a scaled attachment random recursive tree, a generalized random recursive tree, which is introduced by Devroye et. al (2011). In a scaled attachment random recursive tree, every node $i$ is attached to the node labeled $lfloor iX_i floor$ where $X_0$, $ldots$ , $X_n$ is a sequence of i.i.d. random variables, with support in [0,...

We describe trends in maternal employment and leave-taking after birth of a newborn and analyze the extent to which these behaviors are influenced by parental leave policies. Data are from the June Current Population Survey (CPS) Fertility Supplements, merged with other months of the CPS, and cover the period 1987 to 1994. This time span is one during which parental leave legislation expanded a...

This article studies the effect of parental background on the educational attainment of the offspring. In particular, it compares the effects of parental occupation and education and investigates whether the relative importance of these resources have shifted over time. In addition, this article studies, which parent has the strongest effect on the offspring’s education. Using data for the Neth...

The purpose of this study was to examine a broader range of sport constraints perceived by young Koreans in Australia who may need to adjust to changing behavioral expectations due to the socio-cultural transitions. Regardless of gender, in terms of quantitative findings, the most important participation constraints within the seven categories were resources, access, interpersonal, affective, r...

The effects of environmental stimulation and parental nurturance on brain development have been studied extensively in animals. Much less is known about the relations between childhood experience and cognitive development in humans. Using a longitudinally collected data set with ecologically valid in-home measures of childhood experience and later in-laboratory behavioral measures of cognitive ...

Despite the growing literature on how parenting predicts children’s adjustment to potentially stressful events, little is know about the specific mechanisms through which these effects operate. This review identifies some possible paths of parental influence by specifying ways that parents may influence each step of the coping process—from exposure to the potentially stressful event to event ap...