Purpose. Secondary hyperparathyroidism with nodular hyperplasia is resistant to medical therapies. Cinacalcet is an effective treatment for severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. This multicentre retrospective study was designed to determine the long-term efficacy of cinacalcet in patients with nodular hyperplasia, the advanced type of parathyroid hyperplasia. Subjects and methods. The study sub...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Thyroid hemiagenesis is a rare anomaly, more commonly seen on the left side (ratio 4:1) and in females (ratio 3:1). The first to describe this anomaly was Handfield Jones in 1852. CASE PRESENTATION We present a 66 year old female patient with right thyroid hemiagenesis, parathyroid adenoma on the side of hemiagenesis and parathyroid hyperplasia on the contralateral si...

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SH) and hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands (PTG) are universal complications in patients with CRF. In early renal failure, reduction in serum calcitriol and moderate decreases in ionized calcium contribute to greater synthesis and secretion of PTH. As renal disease progresses, a reduction in parathyroid expression of vitamin D receptor and calcium receptor rend...

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is one of the most important abnormalities in chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Despite the recent development of therapeutic modalities including new phosphate binders, new vitamin D analogues and cinacalcet, many patients with very severe hyperparathyroidism still remain uncontrollable. Several studies have demonstrated that such refract...

INTRODUCTION Nodular hyperplasia of parathyroid glands (PG) is the most probable cause of medical treatment failure in secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT). This prospective cohort study is located at the interface of medical and surgical consideration of sHPT treatment options and identifies risk-factors for nodular hyperplasia of PG. MATERIAL AND METHODS One-hundred-eight resected PG of 27 ...

Background. Hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland (PTG) is associated not only with excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) but also with changes in the parathyroid cell (PTC) characteristics (i.e. hyperproliferative activity and low contents of vitamin D and calcium-sensing receptors). The control of PTG hyperplasia is most important in the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism (...

the calcitriol–receptor complex with target genes [8] Introduction and a recently revealed decrease of retinoid-X receptor density [9]. As renal failure progresses, this disturbance High turnover bone disease remains one of the central may form a vicious cycle of further reducing calcitriol features of renal osteodystrophy seen in chronic dialysis receptor density leading to progressive resista...

The parathyroid gland is a low turnover, discontinugrowth [6]. Similar to parathyroid adenomas in humans, ously replicating tissue composed of cells that rarely unthese mice slowly develop large hyperplastic glands and dergo mitoses [1, 2]. The quiescent parathyroid cells, in some cases adenomatous glands. However, in nodular however, retain their potential to divide in response to hyperplasia ...

Primary hyperparathyroidism is most commonly caused by either a parathyroid adenoma or parathyroid hyperplasia. Parathyroid adenomas also rarely attain huge proportions. We present a case of a 63-year-old female patient causing hypercalcemia and the mass which is located in the mediastinum. High intact parathormone level secondary to an ectopic hypersecretory parathyroid adenoma were detected (...

A case of the 'milk alkali syndrome' associated with grossly elevated levels of amino terminal parathyroid hormone is described. The hypercalcaemia (calcium 4.09 mmol/l) and hyperparathyroidism settled on conservative measures. Factors in the milk alkali syndrome which might stimulate the release of parathyroid hormone include parathyroid gland hyperplasia secondary to suppression of ionized ca...