OBJECTIVE Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH) is clinically characterized by mild to moderate parathyroid hormone (PTH)-dependent hypercalcaemia, autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, and normal to frankly reduced urinary calcium excretion in spite of a high serum calcium (clearance (Ca)/clearance (Cr)<0.01). FHH has a benign course and should be differentiated from primary hyperpa...

Mutations of the HRPT2 gene, which are responsible for hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT) syndrome, have been implicated in the development of a high proportion of parathyroid carcinomas. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in expression of the most important genes connected with parathyroid carcinoma between HPT-JT syndrome due to an HRPT2 splicing mutation, normal parathy...

Water clear cell parathyroid adenoma is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. In this rare disease entity, normal parathyroid tissue is replaced with growth of water-clear cells, instead of the chief cell hyperplasia associated with the majority of parathyroid adenomas. We present the case of a water clear cell parathyroid adenoma in a 54 year old woman with symptomatic hypercalcemia, as...

Primary hyperparathyroidism due to ectopic parathyroid adenoma is not infrequent. Primary hyperparathyroidism caused by unusual thymic nonadenomatous nonencapsulated parathyroid tissue has been reported before. Both can cause unsuccessful neck explorations. Here we presented for the first time a patient with hyperparathyroidism due to ectopic parathyroid adenoma concomitant to the presence of t...

Ectopic parathyroid adenomas represent a diagnostic challenge, since they are quite rare in clinical practice. We present a case of a 61 years old man with symptomatic hypercalcemia due to an ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the upper-anterior mediastinum that was not localized by the scintigraphy. Ultrasonography identified a nodule on the left upper-superior lobe of the thyroid gland, consisten...

IMPORTANCE Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-secreting thymomas are an exceedingly rare entity. A PTH-secreting thymoma was discovered in the workup of a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism. A concomitant parathyroid adenoma was removed from the same patient. We present the intriguing clinical course and review the literature on this rare entity. In addition, we discuss the use of scanning with te...

Primary hyperparathyroidism due to ectopic parathyroid adenomas can pose diagnostic and management challenges, especially when imaging studies have localised the lesions to different sites. We report a case of symptomatic hypercalcaemia due to a mediastinal parathyroid adenoma. Ultrasonography identified a nodule posterior to the right thyroid gland. However, computed tomography and technetium-...

Primary hyperparathyroidism from a parathyroid adenoma is common. Ectopic parathyroid glands have been reported in numerous locations, including the chest. We present a single case report of an intrapericardial parathyroid gland found after failed bilateral neck exploration. The patient presented with severe, recurrent nephrolithiasis and acute renal failure prior to his surgical intervention. ...

Introduction Today, the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is mainly surgical and pHPT is the result of a single adenoma in 85% of patients (1-6). Historically, until the 1990s, for localization of all four parathyroid glands, bilateral cervical exploration had been the standard surgical treatment for pHPT. In the past two decades however, significant improvements in localization t...

Primary hyperparathyroidism is predominantly caused by a single parathyroid adenoma. Knowledge of normal and ectopic locations of parathyroid glands is crucial to help guide surgeons who plan targeted unilateral parathyroidectomy to reduce surgical time and risk. We describe a female patient with clinical primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent a failed initial parathyroidectomy, with subsequ...