Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: NDV: Newcastle Disease Virus; APMV-1: Avian Paramyxovirus Type I; IFN: Interferon; CTLA-4: Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Associated Antigen-4; RCC: Renal Cell Carcinoma; HNSCC: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma; IL-2: Interleukin-2; DTH: Delayed Type Hypersensitivity; Gy: Gray; BCG: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin; HN: Hemagglutinin-Neuraminida...

Fusion of the lipid envelope of paramyxoviruses with the host cell plasma membrane during virus entry is mediated by the F protein, a trimeric extracellular transmembrane-anchored glycoprotein. During F-mediated fusion, its fusion peptide inserts into the host cell membrane, followed by large-scale refolding from a largely globular pre-fusion conformation to a golf tee-shaped postfusion conform...

Sequences encompassing cleavage sites of fusion protein genes were obtained for avian paramyxovirus 1 isolates from cormorants in Canada. All isolates have the virulent cleavage site SRGRRQKR*FVG. They form a distinct cluster within isolates obtained around the world and may represent a novel genotype closely related to genotype V.

Eight Newcastle disease virus isolates from Pakistan were sequenced and characterized. A PCR matrix gene assay, designed to detect all avian paramyxovirus 1, did not detect four of the isolates. A new matrix gene test that detected all isolates was developed. Phylogenetic analysis and pathotyping confirmed that virulent viruses of different genotypes are circulating in Pakistan.

Newcastle disease is a devasting in poultry production worldwide, thus it important to implement control measures avoid entrance of the and its spread field. In this context, aim study was design seroprevalence map based on business intelligence for avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) broilers Valencia Community (eastern Spain). This tool consists software mapping data collection, analysis repr...

The notoriously low efficiency of Paramyxoviridae reverse genetics systems has posed a limiting barrier to the study of viruses in this family. Previous approaches to reverse genetics have utilized a wide variety of techniques to overcome the technical hurdles. Although robustness (i.e., the number of attempts that result in successful rescue) has been improved in some systems with the use of s...