Sewage sludge is frequently applied to land. It has been shown, however, that sludges contain many toxic components and pathogenic organisms. Keratinolytic and associated non-keratinolytic fungi are considered potentially pathogenic. Our knowledge on the incidence of the fungi in the sludge environment is still insufficient. Sludge from the Bytom-Miechowice wastewater treatment plant in Upper S...

Ontario initiated a red fox (Vulpes vulpes) oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programme in 1989. This study utilized a benefit-cost analysis to determine if this ORV programme was economically worthwhile. Between 1979 and 1989, prior to ORV baiting, the average annual human post-exposure treatments, positive red fox rabies diagnostic tests and indemnity payments for livestock lost to rabies were 22...

background: the heartworm disease is an infectious disease of dogs with dirofilaria immitis combined with cardiovascular and circulatory abnormalities. the heartworm disease can become a serious health risk when associated with a severe infection. in this study, a male, 8 year-old dog that died suddenly was necropsied and all tissues were examined grossly. methods: major organs including heart,...

New Zealand Journal of Ecology (1998) 22(1): 55-63 ©New Zealand Ecological Society offer any hope of reducing numbers to any great extent in the near future (Barlow, Moller and Beggs, 1996; Beggs, Harris and Read, 1996). Poison-baiting is currently the only viable technique for reducing wasp density, as finding and destroying nests is very labour intensive. Trials using poison-baiting have been...

The mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa) is a fossorial rodent species endemic to the Pacific Northwest and portions of California. This herbivore inflicts millions of dollars of damage annually to forest seedling plantations. Currently, extensive trapping prior to planting is the most reliable method for reducing damage. With increasing restrictions placed on trapping, forest resource managers ne...

A poison baiting operation at Trounson Kauri Park in Northland, New Zealand using first 1080 and then brodifacoum targeted possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) and rodents (Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus). Predatory mammals were monitored by radio telemetry during the operation. All six feral cats (Felis catus), the single stoat (Mustela erminea) and the single ferret (Mustela fur...

liquid paraffin has been suggested as a good laxative comparing to lactulose as a treatment option in pediatric constipation. this study was performed to compare liquid paraffin with lactulose in pediatric constipation. a total of 247 patients (127 males and 120 females) aged 2-12 years (mean 4.1 ± 2.7 years) with chronic functional constipation were included in an 8 week, randomized, controlle...

MOVEMENT PATTERNS AND BEHAVOIR AT WINTER FEEDING AND FALL BAITING STATIONS IN A POPULATION OF WHITE-TAILED DEER INFECTED WTTH BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN THE NORTHEASTERN LOWER PENINSULA OF MICHIGAN.