the incidence and prevalence of obesity are fast increasing worldwide. various indices have been used to measure and assess obesity. the body mass index (bmi) is the most common and practical of these indices. overweight and obesity exert considerable adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. these effects are mediated through various neurohormonal and cytokine pathways, most of which are i...

The Knowability Paradox is a logical argument showing that if all truths are knowable in principle, then all truths are, in fact, known. Many strategies have been suggested in order to avoid the paradoxical conclusion. A family of solutions – called logical revision – has been proposed to solve the paradox, revising the logic underneath, with an intuitionistic revision included. In this paper, ...

The Knowability Paradox is a logical argument which states that if all truths are knowable, then all truths are actually known. In 1963 Frederich Fitch published ‘A Logical Analysis of Some Value Concepts’[3]. This brief article appeared on the Journal of Symbolic Logic and it immediately became a classic of philosophical logic. It is in this paper that Fitch presented the Knowability Paradox, ...

The EU has set the policy target of reducing energy use by 20% by the year 2020. Therefore, a substantial consumption decrease is needed in built environment sector. Despite the great energy efficiency improvements in households, recent energy consumption data analyses show that these targets will unlikely be reached. The general aim of this study is to point out the need to define new indicato...

this paper examines paradox in the symbols of the poem unsh?dat al-matar (‘song of rain’), composed by sh?kir al-sayy?b. it also investigates how meaning is developed in these symbols. in the symbols in this poetry, paradoxical themes like happiness and grief, rain and drought, and life and death emerge. the onomatopoeia ‘rain’, which forms the central image of this poetry, has the same paradox...

The transportation paradox is related to the classical transportation problem. For certain instances of this problem an increase in the amount of goods to be transported may lead to a decrease in the optimal total transportation cost. Thus this phenomenon has also been named the more-for-less-paradox. Even though the paradox has been known since the early days of linear programming, it has got ...

The Löwenheim-Skolem theorems say that if a first-order theory has infinite models, then it has models which are only countably infinite. Cantor's theorem says that some sets are uncountable. Together, these two theorems induce a puzzle known as Skolem's Paradox: the very axioms of (first-order) set theory which prove the existence of uncountable sets can themselves be satisfied by a merely cou...

In this paper I take a closer look at a recently published paradox by Göran Sundholm involving the notion of knowability. I point out that this paradox is not a novel, genuine paradox, but rather an important variant of the Knower Paradox. I briefly discuss further variations of the Knower Paradox, and in a final section I try to show that it is not unproblematic to assume that knowability is f...