The removal of four parabens, methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, and benzyl-paraben, by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer from aqueous solution was studied. Different β-CD polymers were prepared by using two cross-linkers, i.e., hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) and toluene-2,6-diisocyanate (TDI), with various molar ratios of cross-linker. β-CD-HMDI polymer with molar ratio of 1:7 and β-CD-TDI polymer with ...

A superheated water chromatography (SWC) method for the separation of alkyl esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) using a zirconia-based stationary phase was developed and applied to real sample analysis. First, the SWC system was optimized in terms of the proper length of the preheating coil for establishing thermal equilibration of the mobile phase entering the column at the oven tempera...

Parabens are alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid which extensively used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foodstuffs due to their antimicrobial properties. The most commonly parabens methyl-(MeP), ethyl-(EtP), propyl-(PrP) butyl-(BuP) paraben. Most human exposure is achieved through the consumption food or pharmaceutical products use personal care products. However, studies on dietary associa...

In recent years, many cosmetics companies have been quick to turn into business opportunity the average consumers concerns on cosmetic products related to safety issues. With the complicity of misinformation, a new claim, the so-called “free from” claim, was born to reassure consumers, particularly in the case of parabens and allergic ingredients. Although much of this can be put down to misinf...

The objective of this review is to examine the available safety/toxicity literature on preservatives like olive polyphenols, microbial fermented tea, essential oil, parabens, and the micro organisms. Antimicrobial activities of microbial fermented tea are much less known than its health beneficial properties. These antimicrobial activities are generated by fermentation process with tea leaves a...

When stored at 4 C, or heated at 22 or 35 C followed by storage at 4 C, the potency of pertussis vaccines preserved with Merthiolate was more stable than the potency of vaccines preserved with benzethonium chloride or the parabens (methyl- and propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate). Without preservative, potency was more stable than in the presence of benzethonium chloride or the parabens, but less stable t...

In the decade that has elapsed since the suggestion that exposure of the foetal/developing male to environmental oestrogens could be the cause of subsequent reproductive and developmental effects in men, there has been little definitive research to provide conclusions to the hypothesis. Issues of exposure and low potency of environmental oestrogens may have reduced concerns. However, the hypoth...