The first step in bacteriophage infection is recognition and binding to the host receptor, which is mediated by the phage receptor binding protein (RBP). Different RBPs can lead to differential host specificity. In many bacteriophages, such as Escherichia coli and Lactococcal phages, RBPs have been identified as the tail fiber or protruding baseplate proteins. However, the tail fiber-dependent ...

The signaling pathways that sense adverse stimuli and communicate with the nucleus to initiate appropriate changes in gene expression are central to the cellular stress response. Herein, we have characterized the role of the Sty1 (Spc1) stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and the Pap1 and Atf1 transcription factors, in regulating the response to H(2)O(2) in the fission ye...

The DNA structure checkpoint protein Rad26ATRIP is also required for an interphase microtubule damage response. This checkpoint delays spindle pole body separation and entry into mitosis following treatment of cells with microtubule poisons. This checkpoint requires cytoplasmic Rad26ATRIP, which is compromised by the rad26:4A allele that inhibits cytoplasmic accum...

The signaling pathways that sense adverse stimuli and communicate with the nucleus to initiate appropriate changes in gene expression are central to the cellular stress response. Here, we have characterized the role of the Sty1 (Spc1) stressactivated MAPK pathway, and the Pap1 and Atf1 transcription factors, in regulating the response to H2O2 in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We ...

The lung contains two distinct forms of phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP). PAP1 is a cytosolic enzyme that is activated through fatty acid-induced translocation to the endoplasmic reticulum, where it converts phosphatidic acid (PA) to diacylglycerol (DAG) for the biosynthesis of phospholipids and neutral lipids. PAP1 is Mg(2+) dependent and sulfhydryl reagent sensitive. PAP2 is a six-transmem...

As one of the most common forms of oxidative DNA damage, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxoG) generally leads to G:C to T:A mutagenesis. To study DNA replication encountering 8-oxoG by the sole DNA polymerase (Gp90) of Pseudomonasaeruginosa phage PaP1, we performed steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetic analyses of nucleotide incorporation opposite 8-oxoG by Gp90 D234A that lacks exo...

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) play important roles in the synthesis of diverse secondary compounds in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Comparison of four data sets analyzing seedlings harvested over a 2-d period of constant conditions after growth with varying photoperiods and thermocycles recorded a total of 98 P450 loci as circadian regulated for at least one of the four condition...

Sphingolipids have important roles in membrane and lipoprotein structure and in cell regulation as second messengers for growth factors, differentiation factors, cytokines, and a growing list of agonists. Bioactive sphingolipids are formed both by the turnover of complex sphingolipids and as intermediates of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Usually, the amounts are highly regulated; however, by inhib...

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the transcription factor Yap8 is a key determinant in arsenic stress response. Contrary to Yap1, another basic region-leucine zipper (bZIP) yeast regulator, Yap8 has a very restricted DNA-binding specificity and only orchestrates the expression of ACR2 and ACR3 genes. In the DNA-binding basic region, Yap8 has three distinct amino acids residues, Leu26, Ser29 and Asn...