Perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) constitutes the first layer of plant innate immunity and is referred to as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). For a long time, part of the plant community was sceptical about the importance of PAMP perception in plants. Genetic and biochemical studies have recently identified pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) involved in the perception...

Systemic inflammation arising from the organismal distribution of pathogen-associated molecular patterns is a major cause of clinical morbidity and mortality. Herein we report a critical and previously unrecognized in vivo role for germinal center kinase (GCK, genome nomenclature: map4k2), a mammalian Sterile 20 (STE20) orthologue, in PAMP signaling, and systemic inflammation. We find that disr...

In this paper, we propose two schemes; position-aware mobility pattern (PAMP) and cooperative PAMP (Co PAMP). The first one is an optimization scheme that avoids void hole occurrence and minimizes the uncertainty in the position estimation of glider's. The second one is a cooperative routing scheme that reduces the packet drop ratio by using the relay cooperation. Both techniques use gliders th...

The circadian clock allows plants to anticipate predictable daily changes in abiotic stimuli, such as light; however, whether the clock similarly allows plants to anticipate interactions with other organisms is unknown. Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) has circadian clock-mediated variation in resistance to the virulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC30...

Adrenomedullin (AM) and proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) are two recently discovered hypotensive peptides translated from the same message transcript (preproAM mRNA). In this article we report the presence of AM, PAMP, and their mRNA in human and rat prostate and of AM receptor mRNA in rat prostate. PreproAM mRNA was found in the epithelium of normal human and rat prostate glands ...

We examined the effects of proadrenomedullin-derived peptides on the release of adrenal catecholamines in response to cholinergic stimuli in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized dogs. Drugs were administered into the adrenal gland through the phrenicoabdominal artery. Splanchnic nerve stimulation (1, 2, and 3 Hz) and ACh injection (0.75, 1.5, and 3 μg) produced frequency- or dose-dependent increas...

Increased plasma free fatty acid (FFA) level is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. However, the underlying molecular basis for FFA-caused hyperglycemia remains unclear. Here we identified plasma 5'-adenosine monophosphate (pAMP) markedly elevated in the plasma of type 2 diabetic mice. High levels of FFAs induced damage in vein endothelial cells and contributed to an increase in pAMP. Administration...

Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX)-2 is induced by bacterial and viral infections and has complex, poorly understood roles in anti-pathogen immunity. Here, we use a knock-in luciferase reporter model to image Cox2 expression across a range of tissues in mice following treatment with the either the prototypical bacterial pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), LPS, which activates Toll-like receptor (...

Primer approximation multiplex PCR (PAMP) is a new experimental protocol for efficiently assaying structural variation in genomes. PAMP is particularly suited to cancer genomes where the precise breakpoints of alterations such as deletions or translocations vary between patients. The design of PCR primer sets for PAMP is challenging because a large number of primer pairs are required to detect ...

The airways of COPD patients are often colonized with bacteria leading to increased airway inflammation. This study sought to determine whether systemic cytokine responses to microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are increased among subjects with severe COPD. In an observational cross-sectional study of COPD subjects, PAMP-induced cytokine responses were measured in whole blo...