Enamel development occurs in stages. During the secretory stage, a soft protein rich enamel layer is produced that expands to reach its final thickness. During the maturation stage, proteins are removed and the enamel matures into the hardest substance in the body. KLK4 is expressed during the transition from secretory to the maturation stage and its expression continues throughout maturation. ...

This paper looks at the motivation for simulating painting directly on 3D objects, and investigates the main issues faced by such systems. These issues include the provision of natural user interfaces, the reproduction of realistic brush effects and the surface parameterization for texture mapping so that the results of the painting can be stored on texture maps. The paper further investigates ...

"Amelogenesis imperfecta" (AI) describes a group of genetic conditions that result in defects in tooth enamel formation. Mutations in many genes are known to cause AI, including the gene encoding the serine protease, kallikrein related peptidase 4 (KLK4), expressed during the maturation stage of amelogenesis. In this study we report the fourth KLK4 mutation to be identified in autosomal recessi...

Vertebrate enamel formation is a unique synthesis of the function of highly specialized enamel proteins and their effect on the growth and organization of apatite crystals. Among tetrapods, the physical structure of enamel is highly conserved, while there is a greater variety of enameloid tooth coverings in fish. In the present study, we postulated that in enamel microstructures of similar orga...

We realize a painting system that imitates painting on real objects in the real world. Many studies have proposed methods of painting simulation on 2D canvas, and the quality of such methods is improving. However, painting on 3D objects is not easy using conventional input devices such as a mouse or graphics tablet with 2D display. We solved this problem by providing a ToolDevice in a mixed rea...

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) enable paralyzed patients to communicate; however, up to date, no creative expression was possible. The current study investigated the accuracy and user-friendliness of P300-Brain Painting, a new BCI application developed to paint pictures using brain activity only. Two different versions of the P300-Brain Painting application were tested: A colored matrix teste...

The mechanical properties of enamel and dentin were studied using test specimens having the same shape and dimensions because these properties might vary with the experimental conditions and specimen shapes and dimensions. Healthy human teeth were used as specimens for mechanical tests. The stress (MPa), strain (%), and elastic modulus (E, MPa) of the specimens were obtained from compression te...

It is difficult for consumers to judge whether a painting or poster would fit well in their rooms without actually mounting the painting on the wall. A solution is proposed to allow users to their DROID mobile phones to preview what the painting looks like on the wall using the phone’s camera and its screen. The system is a marker-based, augmented-reality system that can place paintings on wall...

The paper reports results on the automation of the spray-painting process in industrial powder coating plants. The automation of the spray-painting process requires a painting model and the definition of appropriate metrics for painting task validation. Two main topics are addressed in the paper: motion planning of paint deposition and paint quality analysis. A paint quality function is formula...

The form of two hard tissues of the mammalian tooth, dentine and enamel, is the result of a combination of the phylogenetic inheritance of dental traits and the adaptive selection of these traits during evolution. Recent decades have been significant in unveiling developmental processes controlling tooth morphogenesis, dental variation and the origination of dental novelties. The enamel-dentine...