Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is the most common form of acute viral encephalitis in industrialized countries. Type I interferon (IFN) is important for control of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we show that microglia are the main source of HSV-induced type I IFN expression in CNS cells and these cytokines are induced in a cGAS-STING-dependent manner. ...

Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) is recently identified as a cytosolic DNA sensor and generates a non-canonical cGAMP that contains G(2',5')pA and A(3',5')pG phosphodiester linkages. cGAMP activates STING which triggers innate immune responses in mammals. However, the evolutionary functions and origins of cGAS and STING remain largely elusive. Here, we carried out comprehensive evolutiona...

Infection with Listeria monocytogenes strains that enter the host cell cytosol leads to a robust cytotoxic T cell response resulting in long-lived cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Upon entry into the cytosol, L. monocytogenes secretes cyclic diadenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) which activates the innate immune sensor STING leading to the expression of IFN-β and co-regulated genes. In this study, ...

We recently reported that STING contributes to antiglioma immunity by triggering type I IFN induction in glioma microenvironment. Moreover, intratumoral administration of STING agonist improved the efficacy of peptide vaccination in a mouse glioma model, suggesting the rational use of STING agonists in the immunotherapy of brain tumor.

Cytosolic recognition of DNA has emerged as a critical cellular mechanism of host immune activation upon pathogen invasion. The central cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS activates STING, which is phosphorylated, dimerises and translocates from the ER to a perinuclear region to mediate IRF-3 activation. Poxviruses are dsDNA viruses replicating in the cytosol and hence likely to trigger cytosolic DNA sen...

Changes in the peripheral distribution and amount of condensed chromatin are observed in a number of diseases linked to mutations in the lamin A protein of the nuclear envelope. We postulated that lamin A interactions with nuclear envelope transmembrane proteins (NETs) that affect chromatin structure might be altered in these diseases and so screened thirty-one NETs for those that promote chrom...

Abstract UNC93B1 is a trafficking chaperone of endosomal Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and plays an essential role in the TLR‐mediated innate signaling. However, whether it also involved other immune sensing or cellular pathways remains largely unexplored. Here we investigated cytosolic DNA‐triggered cGAS‐STING signaling mouse human cell lines. We showed that while deficiency blunts signal transdu...

STING and Java Protein Dossier provide a collection of physical-chemical parameters, describing protein structure, stability, function, and interaction, considered one of the most comprehensive among the available protein databases of similar type. Particular attention in STING is paid to the electrostatic potential. It makes use of DelPhi, a well-known tool that calculates this physical-chemic...

OBJECTIVE Over the past 20 years endoscopic treatment (ET) of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) has changed the algorithm of reflux management. We describe a modification of the standard subureteral injection (STING) that has contributed to the increased success rate of this procedure. METHODS Between January 2006 and December 2006 192 children, 5 months to 10 years old (mean age 2.8 years) underwe...

The mammalian ER protein STING (stimulator of interferon genes; also known as MITA, ERIS, MPYS or TMEM173) is an adaptor protein that links the detection of cytosolic dsDNA to the activation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and its downstream transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IFN3). Recently, STING itself has been found to be the direct receptor of bacterial c-di-GMP, and crys...