The one-step synthesis (33 % isolated yield) of a novel bicyclic diphosphane, [P(CH2)2NC6H4(4-NMe2)]2, P−P(NMe2), from the reaction [P(CH2OH)4]Cl and H2NC6H4(4-NMe2) in methanol is described. Surprisingly, P−P(NMe2) displays excellent air/solution stability (towards H2O, CH3OH) can also function efficiently as bridging ligand. Hence with [Pd(μ−Cl)(η3-allyl)]2 (η3-allyl=C3H5, C4H7) or [Pd(μ−Cl)(...

Candidate genes and marker loci for cleft lip/palate (CL/P) were tested using linkage analyses and association studies. Eight British families with apparent autosomal dominant inheritance of non-syndromic CL/P participated in the linkage analyses while the association analyses involved 61 unrelated British white people with CL/P and 60 controls. The report of an association between RARA (17q21)...

background cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is an endemic disease in iran. pentavalent antimonials including meglumine antimoniate (ma) are still the gold standard treatment. trichloroacetic acid (tca) is used in treatment of acne scar, photodamaged skin, and some other dermatologic diseases. considering the tca potential to induce collagen synthesis and its efficacy in the treatment of papular cl ...

background: greater palatine canal is used for maxillary nerve block. this procedure has somecomplications such as proptosis, blindness, and intravascular injection. this study aimed to determinethe mean greater palatine canal length (cl) and its typical anatomic routes, as well as provide areliable facial index for computing the cl by using cone beam computed tomography (cbct) data. materials ...

BACKGROUND Clefts of the lip and/or palate (CL/P) carry a social stigma that often causes psychosocial stress. The purpose of this study was to consider the association of cleft phenotype and age with self-reported aspects of psychosocial stress. METHODS Children with nonsyndromic CL/P and unaffected children born between 1997 and 2003 were identified through the North Carolina Birth Defects ...

Background and Aims: There are still many unknowns about prevention and control of Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). Bam district is one of the old foci of CL. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of knowledge of prevention and improving housing, conditions in control of ACL based on a natural experience of earthquack, in Bam city. Methods: This comparative – analytical st...

Cleft lip with or without palate (CL±P) is common congenital anomalies in humans. Experimental evidence has demonstrated that bone morphogenetic protein 4 gene (Bmp4) is involved in the etiology of CL±P in animal models. The nonsynonymous polymorphism rs17563 T>C (p.V152A) in the BMP4 gene has been associated to the risk of nonsyndromic CL±P in Chinese population and microforms from different e...