Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by elevated pulmonary pressure and carries a very poor prognosis. Understanding of PAH pathogenesis needed to support the development new therapeutic strategies. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) drives vascular remodeling increases resistance regulating differentiation proliferation smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Also, sphing...

The nature of host-virus interactions in hepatitis B virus infection is incompletely understood. Since soluble factors, e.g., cytokines and metals, may exacerbate liver injury in chronic hepatitis, we considered that defining the effects of receptor-mediated signaling upon viral replication will be significant. Consequently, we studied effects of iron or TGF-β-induced TGF-β/BMP signaling in the...

Background: Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in addition to the C-terminal region can phosphorylate receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads) in their linker region. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of signaling mediators such as NAD(P)H oxidases (reactive oxygen species [ROS] generators), ROS, and ROS-sensitive p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) in this signaling ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS TGF-β plays a key role in the progression of various tumors. The main objective of our study was to investigate whether TGF-β is able to regulate N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression in a mouse model by inducing Treg cell polarization. METHODS HCC progression, TGF-β and Foxp3 expression levels, serum TGF-β, IL10 and GP73 levels as well...

BACKGROUND Recently, we demonstrated that losartan reduced the aortic root dilatation rate (AoDR) in adults with Marfan syndrome (MFS); however, responsiveness was diverse. The aim was to determine the role of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as therapeutic biomarker for effectiveness of losartan on AoDR. METHODS Baseline plasma TGF-β levels of 22 healthy controls and 99 MFS patients, and...

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates proliferation, differentiation, development, angiogenesis, wound healing and other functions in many cell types (Massagué, 2008). Regarding pathological disorders, such as cancer, TGF-β plays two confl icting roles of a tumor suppressor and a tumor promoter. TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor in the early stage of c...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major public health problem due to increased incidence, late diagnosis and limited treatment options. TGF-β is known to provide cytostatic signals during early stages of liver damage and regeneration, but exerts tumor promoting effects in onset and progression of liver cancer. To understand the mechanistic background of such a switch, we systematically correl...

TGF-β pathway is being extensively evaluated as a potential therapeutic target. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway has the dual role in both tumor suppression and tumor promotion. To design cancer therapeutics successfully, it is important to understand TGF-β related functional contexts. This review discusses the molecular mechanism of the TGF-β pathway and describes the...