It took more than 30 years from the first observations that oxygen may be toxic during resuscitation till international guidelines changed to recommend that term and near term newborn infants should be resuscitated with air instead of 100% oxygen. There are still a number of unanswered questions related to oxygen therapy of the newborn infant. The newborn brain, lungs and other organs are susce...

Background: The most common cause of preventable blindness in children is retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The most important risk factors for this disease are preterm delivery and low birth weight (LBW). This research was performed to evaluate the prevalence ofand risk factors for ROP in preterm neonates. Methods: Our research was a cross-sectional descriptive and retrospective study conduct...

OBJECTIVE To study the influence of maternal preeclampsia on the occurrence of retinopathy of prematurity. STUDY DESIGN A prospective cohort study of 324 preterm neonates with birth weight ≤ 1500 g and gestational age ≤ 32 weeks. Multiple maternal and perinatal factors were analyzed for association and confounding by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Mean birth weight was 1128 ...

Many common care practices during labor, birth, and the immediate postpartum period impact the fetal to neonatal transition, including medication used during labor, suctioning protocols, strategies to prevent heat loss, umbilical cord clamping, and use of 100% oxygen for resuscitation. Many of the care practices used to assess and manage a newborn immediately after birth have not proven efficac...

In 2015, the neonatal guidelines for resuscitation were published with several new treatment guidelines. Many of these are highlighted in this review. They included changes in the algorithm, timing of cord clamping in the preterm infant, optimizing detection of heart rate after birth, maintaining the premature infant temperature in the delivery room, initiating oxygen use during resuscitation, ...

One of the first "tools" used for systematically evaluating successful newborn transitional physiology at birth was the Apgar Score, devised by Virginia Apgar in 1953. This objective assessment tool allowed clinicians to immediately gauge the relative success of a newborn infant making the transition from the in utero liquid immersive environment to the ex utero gas environment in the delivery ...

BACKGROUND The nutrition and epidemiologic transition has been associated with an increasing incidence of preterm birth in developing countries, but data from large observational studies in China have been limited. Our study was to describe the trends and factors associated with the incidence of preterm birth and infant mortality due to prematurity in Hubei Province, China. METHODS We conduct...

Background: Pulmonary hypertension is a frequent complication of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this condition. Based on the improved survival of these patients due to long term oxygen therapy and the potent and selective pulmonary vasodilation by inhaled nitric oxide, the safety and effectiveness of the combined inhalation of...

Coagulation studies were performed on two newborn infants with fatal massive pulmonary haemorrhage. The first showed a reduced level of plasma fibrinogen with defective thrombin-fibrinogen reaction, corrected by protamine, and defective thromboplastin generation. In the second case, a premature infant, the fibrinogen level was normal but there was a severe defect in thromboplastin generation wi...

With the possibility existing that survivors of the respiratory-distress syndrome of the newborn may have lung changes secondary to therapy, chest roentgenograms, PaO, and A-a oxygen gradients in 12 selected patients who survived hyaline-membrane disease were observed and measured. Three of four infant survivors had abnormal chest roentgenograms for as long as two years. Abnormally large A-a gr...