The surface mining activities in the past and in recent times has resulted into existence of number of overburden dumps through excavation and depositing removed soil and rock debris. These dumps require environmental stabilization/restoration, through proper revegetation. To achieve this aim, a study was conducted to find the efficacy of Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), an economically important ...

Frameworks for estimating soil properties from CPT penetration resistances must account for the effects of overburden stress on both the penetration resistance and the soil property of interest, including how such effects vary with soil type. For example, common procedures for estimating the liquefaction resistance of sands include functional terms that account for the effect of overburden stre...

The conventional practice in open cut coal strip mining has been to blast the overburden or coal layers in separate blast events. This is done in order to maximise the benefits from throw blasting and also to limit coal losses. Each blast event usually has a particular design of hole diameters, burdens and spacings, explosive charges and blast timing in order to achieve the required blast outco...

For over a century, hydrogeologists have estimated hydraulic conductivity (K) from grain-size distribution curves. The benefits of the practice are simplicity, cost, and a means of identifying spatial variations in K. Many techniques have been developed over the years, but all suffer from similar shortcomings: no accounting of heterogeneity within samples (i.e., aquifer structure is lost), loss...

The MACRO detector is located in the Gran Sasso Laboratory. MACRO's overburden varies from 3150 to 7000 hg/cm 2. A transition radiation detector (TRD) has been added to the MACRO detector in order to measure the residual energy of muons entering MACRO, i.e. the energy they have after passing through the Gran Sasso's rock overburden. The TRD consists of three identical modules with a total horiz...

Taking Ping Dingshan Coal Mine Group 12 as an example, this paper explains the system layout, key equipment and backfilling technology in detail. It probes into the characteristic of rock strata movement behavior and surface deformation above the gob area through in-site measurement method. The results show that as the overburden strata are effectively supported by the backfill body in mined ou...

Southern Appalachian forests are recognized as a biodiversity hot spot of global significance, particularly for endemic aquatic salamanders and mussels. The dominant driver of land-cover and land-use change in this region is surface mining, with an ever-increasing proportion occurring as mountaintop mining with valley fill operations (MTVF). In MTVF, seams of coal are exposed using explosives, ...

[1] The time domain electromagnetic (TDEM) method has enjoyed wide success in terrestrial groundwater exploration, and the contrast in electrical conductivity between dry overburden and groundwater containing even a small amount of dissolved solids on Mars will yield a robust response. However, moist clays or even ores (e.g., massive hematite) will also be electrically conductive and could be m...

A mathematical model of compaction in sedimentary basins is presented and analyzed. Compaction occurs when accumulating sediments compact under their own weight, expelling pore water in the process. If sedimentation is rapid or the permeability is low, then high pore pressures can result, a phenomenon which is of importance in oil drilling operations. Here we show that one-dimensional compactio...