AbsractA rare variant of ansa cervicalis was discovered during dissection of the neck in amale cadaver. The superior root of the Ansa cervicalis was formed by the C1 ventralramus. It accompanied with the vagus nerve in place of the hypoglossal nerve and descendedinto the carotid sheath with it. Moreover the C1 ventral ramus formed fromthe sheath and joined the inferior root from C2 and C3 ventr...

The outer sheath carrying a polygonal array was isolated from an oral treponeme, Treponema sp. strain E-21, by disruption of cells by means of repeated freeze-thawing and by removal of flagella under acidic conditions followed by linear sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Electron microscopy revealed that the outer sheath was isolated as a triple-layered vesicle having a polygonal array, f...

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is an enzyme responsible for oxidizing aldehydes to carbonic acids. ALDH1 is an isoform that is thought to be a stem cell marker as it is highly expressed in the stem cells of various organs. However, its expression in basal cell carcinoma (BCC), actinic keratosis (AK) and Bowen's disease (BD) of the skin has not yet been analyzed. Twenty-five consecutive operative...

Tooth root formation begins after the completion of crown morphogenesis. At the end edge of the tooth crown, inner and outer enamel epithelia form Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS). HERS extends along with dental follicular tissue for root formation. Ameloblastin (AMBN) is an enamel matrix protein secreted by ameloblasts and HERS derived cells. A number of enamel proteins are eliminated i...

Injury to epidermis and other stratified epithelia triggers profound but transient changes in the pattern of keratin expression. In postmitotic cells located at the wound edge, a strong induction of K6, K16, and K17 synthesis occurs at the expense of the keratins produced under the normal situation. The functional significance of these alterations in keratin expression is not known. Here, we re...

BACKGROUND The mammalian hair represents an unparalleled model system to understand both developmental processes and stem cell biology. The hair follicle consists of several concentric epithelial sheaths with the outer root sheath (ORS) forming the outermost layer. Functionally, the ORS has been implicated in the migration of hair stem cells from the stem cell niche toward the hair bulb. Howeve...

We have developed a new generation device called rigid-flexible outer sheath with multi-piercing surgery (MPS) to solve the issues of tissue closure, triangulation, and platform stability in natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), and the problems of restricted visual field, organ damage, and removing a resected organ from body in needlescopic surgery (NS). The shape of the fle...

The association between cone outer segments and pigment epithelial cells in the tapetal region of the cat’s retina was studied by both transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Although the cone outer segments do not reach the perikaryal surface of the pigment epithelium they are still closely associated with the apical processes of the pigment epithelium. These processes are leaf-like in ...