Objective(s): Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of diarrheal disease in humans, particularly in children under 5 years and travelers in developing countries. To our knowledge, no vaccine is licensed yet to protect against ETEC infection. Like many Gram-negative pathogens, ETEC can secrete outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). These structures contain various immunogenic vi...

Epidemics of serogroup B meningococcal disease are rare. Strain-specific outer membrane vesicle vaccines, which are not marketed, are the only current tool for control. A correlate of protection is ill defined, but published data suggest that measured serum bactericidal antibody levels parallel efficacy. Even infants can mount a strain-specific antibody response to a strain-specific vaccine. Ne...

UNLABELLED Gram-negative bacteria naturally produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that arise through bulging and pinching off of the outer membrane. OMVs have several biological functions for bacteria, most notably as trafficking vehicles for toxins, antimicrobials, and signaling molecules. While their biological roles are now appreciated, the mechanism of OMV formation has not been fully eluc...

background: leptospirosis has been recognized as an important reemerging infectious disease caused by pathogenic leptospira spp. a major challenge of this disease is the application of a basic research to improve diagnostic method. outer membrane proteins of leptospira are potential candidates that could be useful in diagnosis. among them the lipl41 is an immunogenic protein which is present on...

As an opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa must be able to adapt and survive changes and stressors in its environment during the course of infection. To aid survival in the hostile host environment, P. aeruginosa has evolved defense mechanisms, including the production of an exopolysaccharide capsule and the secretion of a myriad of degradative proteases and lipases. The...

The outer segment is a specialized compartment of vertebrate rod and cone photoreceptor cells where phototransduction takes place. In rod cells it consists of an organized stack of disks enclosed by a separate plasma membrane. Although most proteins involved in phototransduction have been identified and characterized, little is known about the proteins that are responsible for outer segment str...

DNA from Haemophilus influenzae type b was cloned in Escherichia coli with a vector lambda gt11 Amp1. Clones producing antigens reactive with hyperimmune rabbit antisera were identified by colony radioimmune assay. A second screening with hyperimmune serum adsorbed with intact H. influenzae type b bacteria was used to identify those clones producing surface-exposed outer membrane proteins. The ...

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-sized compartments consisting of a lipid bilayer that encapsulates periplasm-derived, luminal content. OMVs, which pinch off of Gram-negative bacteria, are now recognized as a generalized secretion pathway which provides a means to transfer cargo to other bacterial cells as well as eukaryotic cells. Compared with other secretion systems, OMVs ca...

Phase changes in Bacteroides fragilis, a member of the human colonic microbiota, mediate variations in a vast array of cell surface molecules, such as capsular polysaccharides and outer membrane proteins through DNA inversion. The results of the present study show that outer membrane vesicle (OMV) formation in this anaerobe is also controlled by DNA inversions at two distantly localized promote...