As other deyeloping countries, Thailand has a great demand for chemicals to be used in industry as well as for other various purposes. Most chemicals used in Thailand are imported from developed or industrialized countries with the avarage of 600,OOO metric tons per year. Pesticides are recognized as a major group of imported chemicais. Chemicals which have been regarded as industrial toxic sub...

Urine needs to be supersaturated with the chemicals that compose the stones for them to develop. This means that there is a high concentration of these chemicals present. When this occurs, the respective chemicals crystallize, clump together (aggregate) and a stone eventually develops. This can be due to excessive excretion of these chemicals in urine and/or dehydration. This is a simplified de...

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Causative materials for contamination of surface water 3. Heavy metals 4. Pollution for the phthalate esters caused from human activities 5. Endocrine disrupting chemicals 6. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) 6.1. Organic chlorinated chemicals 6.2. Organic phosphorylated chemicals 6.3. Other agricultural chemicals 6.4. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluor...

We have constructed a simple model of a proto-cell that simulates stochastic dynamics of abstract chemicals on a two-dimensional lattice. We have assumed that chemicals catalyze their reproduction through interaction with each other, and that repulsion occurs between some chemicals. We have shown that chemicals organize themselves into a cell-like structure that maintains its membranes dynamica...

We construct a simple model of a proto-cell that simulates a stochastic dynamics of abstract chemicals on a two-dimensional lattice. We assume that chemicals catalyze their reproduction through interaction with each other, and that between some chemicals repulsion occurs. We have shown that chemicals organize themselves into a cell-like structure that maintains its membranes dynamically. Furthe...

Tens of thousands of man-made chemicals are in everyday use in developed countries. A high proportion of these, or their transformation products, probably reach the aquatic environment. A considerable amount is known about the environmental concentrations of some of these chemicals (such as metals), especially the regulated ones, but little or nothing is known about the majority. In densely pop...

We all are surrounded by and exposed to many chemicals in our personal environment. These chemicals are either naturally occurring or man-made. Such exposures may have profound impact on our health, such as cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and abuse of illicit and legal drugs, or they may be necessary for our survival, such as nutrients, disinfectants, fertilizers and fuels. Ho...