Abstract Notwithstanding announcements of progress, “international original sin” (the denomination external debt in foreign currency) remains a persistent phenomenon emerging markets. Although some middle-income countries have succeeded developing markets local-currency sovereign and attracting investors, they continue to hedge their currency exposures through transactions with local pension fu...

A crucial objection to the doctrine of original sin is that it conflicts with a common intuition agents are morally responsible only for factors under their control. Here, I present an account moral responsibility by Michael Zimmerman accommodates intuition, and consider as model sin, noting both attractions difficulties view.

This paper will outline the glyptic evidence from Tell Leilan and demonstrate how it corresponds to general and specific trends within the Khabur region towards the end of the 3rd millennium BC. The evidence from Tell Leilan, along with contemporary sites in the region, clearly shows an indigenous northern Mesopotamian glyptic style in the mid-3rd millennium Leilan IIIdlEarly Jezirah 3 (EJZ 3) ...

The new curve contains all of the information about the original curve’s tangent lines. For example, it crosses the y-axis whenever the original curve has a horizontal tangent line. The straight line y = mx + b, or (x(t), y(t)) = (t,mt + b), has only one tangent line and thus a trivial transformation to a point, (x∗(t), y∗(t)) = (m, b). Some conic sections transform to conic sections. For examp...