An organizational chart provides an overview of formal interrelationships among employees at all organizational levels.  However, drawing real interpersonal relationships in organizations requires something beyond the conventional structure of a formal organization, which is addressed as informal organization. This article aims to draw an informal organization of an Iranian ...

today, scouring is one of the important topics in the river and coastal engineering so that the most destruction in the bridges is occurred due to this phenomenon. whereas the bridges are assumed as the most important connecting structures in the communications roads in the country and their importance is doubled while floodwater, thus exact design and maintenance thereof is very crucial. f...