Knowledge is a key factor of competitive advantages in the current economic crisis and uncertain environment. There are a number of indicators to measure knowledge advances, however, the benefits for stakeholders and policy makers are limited because of a lack of classification models. This paper introduces an approach to classify 54 countries (in 2007–2009) according to their progress toward a...

Implicit learning (IL) occurs unintentionally. IL of temporal patterns has received minimal attention, and results are mixed regarding whether IL of temporal patterns occurs in the absence of a concurrent ordinal pattern. Two experiments examined the IL of temporal patterns and the conditions under which IL is exhibited. Experiment 1 examined whether uncertainty of the upcoming stimulus identit...

Ordinal understanding is involved in understanding social hierarchies, series of actions, and everyday events. Moreover, an appreciation of numerical order is critical to understanding number at a highly abstract, conceptual level. In this paper, we review findings concerning the development and expression of ordinal numerical knowledge in preverbal human infants in light of literature about th...

The performance of (bio-)signal classification strongly depends on the choice of suitable features (also called parameters or biomarkers). In this article we evaluate the discriminative power of ordinal pattern statistics and symbolic dynamics in comparison with established heart rate variability parameters applied to beat-to-beat intervals. As an illustrative example we distinguish patients su...

In sensory neurons the presence of noise can facilitate the detection of weak information-carrying signals, which are encoded and transmitted via correlated sequences of spikes. Here we investigate the relative temporal order in spike sequences induced by a subthreshold periodic input in the presence of white Gaussian noise. To simulate the spikes, we use the FitzHugh-Nagumo model and to invest...

Ordinal classification refers to classification problems in which the classes have a natural order imposed on them because of the nature of the concept studied. Some ordinal classification approaches perform a projection from the input space to one-dimensional (latent) space that is partitioned into a sequence of intervals (one for each class). Class identity of a novel input pattern is then de...

In this paper, we propose a novel appearance-based representation, called Structured Ordinal Feature (SOF). SOF is a binary string encoded by combining eight ordinal blocks in a circle symmetrically. SOF is invariant to linear transformations on images and is flexible enough to represent different local structures of different complexity. We further extend SOF to Multi-scale Structured Ordinal ...

Abstract One of the most important aspects time series is their degree stochasticity vs. chaoticity. Since discovery chaotic maps, many algorithms have been proposed to discriminate between these two alternatives and assess prevalence in real-world series. Approaches based on combination “permutation patterns” with different metrics provide a more complete picture series’ nature, are especially...

In the case of ergodicity much of the structure of a one-dimensional time-discrete dynamical system is already determined by its ordinal structure. In order to explain this phenomenon more precisely, we show that ordinal patterns, which describe the up and down in the orbits of an ergodic Borel measurable map on a subset of the real numbers, are in a certain sense generating. On this base we gi...