The value of route, sedation and local anesthetic was studied in 582 children aged 50 days to 12 years who were subjected to flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FFBS) at the Institutes of Child Health, Madras, during January 1989 to July 1993. Pentax 3.5 mm and Olympus 4.9 mm bronchoscopes were used. Bronchoscopy was performed with sedation and/or local anesthetic through nasal/oral route after p...

PURPOSE This study was designed to examine the efficacy and safety of submucosal (SM) midazolam and oral chloral hydrate (CH) when used for pediatric conscious sedation in a clinical dental environment. METHODS Twenty children ages 32 to 63 months participated in this institutionally approved study. Selection criteria included good health (ASA I), 2 to 5 years of age, uncooperative behavior, ...

The gag reflex is a somatic natural response in which the body attempts to eliminate instruments or agents from the oral cavity by muscle contraction. Some patients suffered from such severe retching that behavioral techniques did not sufficiently reduce gagging in dentistry. In these patients, pharmacological management was thought to be the last alternative to eliminate the reflex. However, t...

OBJECTIVE Satisfactory conditions for auditory brainstem responses (ABR) screening tests for pediatric hearing loss are usually achieved with oral chloral hydrate (CH) sedation. When the US manufacture of this drug was discontinued for business reasons, we developed an alternative sedation regimen using intranasal dexmedetomidine (IN DEX) 4 μg/kg. This institutional review board-approved retros...

Objective: To evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the sedation practice adopted for paediatric patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging examination in a local hospital in Hong Kong. Materials and Methods: 120 consecutive children with a mean age of 3.2 years (range, 13 days to 13 years) undergoing magnetic resonance imaging and requiring sedation were audited. The types and route...

Background Dexmedetomidine has been used as a premedication in children primarily via nasal route. Concerns regarding bioavailability and onset of action has restricted its use via oral route. However, oral route is natural and more pleasurable compared to nasal. We compared dexemedetomidine given as a premedication via nasal and oral routes in children undergoing minor surgical procedures. Met...

INTRODUCTION Midazolam and ketamine are useful for oral premedication in children to allay anxiety. We compared the effects of midazolam with a combination of high- and low-dose ketaminemidazolam as an oral premedication. METHODS This is a randomised, controlled prospective study conducted in 87 children who were scheduled for ophthalmologic surgeries. Group M received oral midazolam 0.5 mg/k...

Upper endoscopy is a common procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of upper digestive tract diseases. The increasing number of pediatric gastrointestinal procedures has led to increasing attention on the safety and efficacy of medications used for sedation during the procedure. This randomized blinded interventional study was designed to compare the effect of oral midazolam with intravenous ...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this survey was to describe the current sedation training and practices among dentists in the state of Virginia, and to determine what areas of sedation training may need to be improved or maintained. METHODS A survey was developed by two faculty members at the VCU School of Medicine and School of Dentistry, focused on sedation practices of dentists within the stat...

In this age of anxiety, pain control and sedation have become important aspects of dental care. It is now becoming more common for general practitioners to provide in-office sedation for routine dental procedures. A segment of the population that would otherwise not seek care because of fear or anxiety is now receiving treatment. The use of sedation for dental care has become a topic of intense...