To assess the hypothesis that oral contraceptives (OCs) increase the risk of cervical adenocarcinomas, we conducted a six-center case-control study of 124 patients with adenocarcinomas, 139 with squamous cell carcinomas, and 307 population controls. Women between the ages of 18 and 69 who were newly diagnosed with cervical adenocarcinomas between 1992 and 1996 were eligible. Healthy female cont...

OBJECTIVE This study aims to compare the cost-effectiveness of oral contraceptives (OCs), the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) and surgical management in treating dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) in women not desiring additional children. METHOD A Markov model was constructed from the perspective of the health services payers for a 5-year period. Treatment costs, DUB...

CONTEXT Effective contraception is essential in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) but should not increase their already substantial risk of developing type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE To determine whether exposure to low-dose oral contraceptives increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in women with recent GDM. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of 904 Latinas w...

abstract background: the aim of this study was to compare the effects of the second- and third-generation oral contraceptives on women’s reproductive sexual function. materials and methods: this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 82 married women of reproductive age in tehran. samples were randomized into the groups receiving second- and third-generatio...

PURPOSE The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with drospirenone-containing oral contraceptives (OCs) is reviewed. SUMMARY Increasing attention and media have raised awareness and concern about whether drospirenone-containing OCs increase the risk of VTE. Two studies found that when compared with nonuse of OCs, use of drospirenone-containing OCs was associated with a fourfold to over sixfol...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) occurs predominantly in women, who represent approximately 90% of affected individuals. SLE incidence increases after puberty, peaking during the child-bearing period. Thus, endogenous and exogenous sex hormones are thought to play an important role in SLE etiology. Notably, estrogen in oral contraceptives (OCs) has been questioned, since estrogen can influenc...

Published data on the relative safety of second and third generation oral contraceptives (OCs) is critically assessed. The original four studies published in 1995/1996 and their conclusions are examined in detail, including comments made by other investigators. Each study has advantages and flaws which are balanced in detail. Newer studies are then examined in the same manner. All recent papers...

The purpose of the study was to explore predictors of discontinuation of oral contraceptives (OC) including pre-OC use characteristics and adverse physical, emotional, and sexual effects of OCs. Women aged 18+ years in committed, sexually active relationships were assessed before starting OC and reassessed at 3, 6, and 12 months or shortly after discontinuation. Assessment included pre-OC use a...

AIM This study assessed the influence of current oral contraceptive pills on periodontal health in young females. METHODS AND MATERIALS Seventy women ranging in age from 17 to 35 years (mean 24 years) had a comprehensive periodontal examination. Their current and previous oral contraceptive pill use was assessed by a questionnaire. A periodontal assessment was performed that included recordin...