Let S be a set of n ideals of a commutative ring A and let Geven (respectively Godd) denote the product of all the sums of even (respectively odd) number of ideals of S. If n ≤ 6 the product of Geven and the intersection of all ideals of S is included in Godd. In the case A is an Noetherian integral domain, this inclusion is replaced by equality if and only if A is a Dedekind domain.

The concept of a 0-distributive poset is introduced. It is shown that a section semicomplemented poset is distributive if and only if it is 0-distributive. It is also proved that every pseudocomplemented poset is 0-distributive. Further, 0-distributive posets are characterized in terms of their ideal lattices.

Let R be a commutative ring with non-zero identity. The annihilator-inclusion ideal graph of R , denoted by ξR, is a graph whose vertex set is the of allnon-zero proper ideals of $R$ and two distinct vertices $I$ and $J$ are adjacentif and only if either Ann(I) ⊆ J or Ann(J) ⊆ I. In this paper, we investigate the basicproperties of the graph ξR. In particular, we showthat ξR is a connected grap...

let a be a banach algebra. a is called ideally amenable if for every closed ideal i of a, the first cohomology group of a with coefficients in i* is trivial. we investigate the closed ideals i for which h1 (a,i* )={0}, whenever a is weakly amenable or a biflat banach algebra. also we give some hereditary properties of ideal amenability.

Let A be a Banach algebra. A is called ideally amenable if for every closed ideal I of A, the first cohomology group of A with coefficients in I* is trivial. We investigate the closed ideals I for which H1 (A,I* )={0}, whenever A is weakly amenable or a biflat Banach algebra. Also we give some hereditary properties of ideal amenability.

An important predictor of historical sound change, functional load, fails to capture insights from speech perception. Building on ideal observer models of word recognition, we devise a new definition of functional load that incorporates both a priori expectedness and perceptual information. We explore this new measure with a simple model and find that it outperforms tra-

making an informed decision with regards to a suitable business location or site selection for organizations is becoming challenging for business decision makers globally; and even more challenging in business environment that are saddled with uncertainties. the continues raise of multiple criteria variation of site preferences has also necessitated the application of advanced decision making t...