Bifacial photovoltaic (PV) module can gain 30% more energy compared to monofacial if a suitable location were chosen. Iraq (a Middle East country) has variable irradiation level according its geographic coordinates, thus, the performance of PV systems differs. This paper an array (17 series, 13 parallel) was chosen produce 100 kWp for on-grid system. It investigates system in three cities (Mosu...

Abstract The excess pressure in water distribution networks (WDNs) can be utilized to reduce leakage and produce energy by installing recovery devices (ERDs) like microturbines or pumps-as-turbines. major challenge adopting ERDs pipe is locate the optimum location for their placement. An optimization procedure proposed this work find locations of (ER) reduction (LR). method based on Rao algorit...