Intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations took up plasmid DNA. Li+, Cs+, Rb+, K+, and Na+ were effective in inducing competence. Conditions for the transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae D13-1A with plasmid YRp7 were studied in detail with CsCl. The optimum incubation time was 1 h, and the optimum cell concentration was 5 x 10(7) cells per ml. The optimum concentration of Cs+ was 1.0 M...

One way to rank DMUs in DEA is the cross efficiency method. In this method, the efficiencyof each DMU is calculated by other DMUs optimum weights, which makes the ranking moreacceptable for managers. Existing alternative optimum weights in cross efficiency methodlead to several ranks for DMUs. Several secondary goals have introduced to avoid thisproblem, till now. In this paper, a new model is ...

 Researchers in the field of simulation have been mainly interested in the question of how to increase the efficiency of solar cells. Therefore this study aimed to investigate CdS/CdTe solar cells by applying AMPS-1D software. The impact of semiconductor layers thickness on the output parameters of the CdS/CdTe solar cell is being analyzed and studied carefully, for example, fill factor, effici...

A thermodynamic model of a thermoelectric generator-driven thermoelectric heat pump (TEG-TEH) combined device is established considering the Thomson effect and the temperature dependence of the thermoelectric properties based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Energy analysis and exergy analysis are performed. New expressions for heating load, maximum working temperature difference, coefficient...

The saturation of the locomotive park railways with various series locomotives does not always correspond to their effective use given inherent special characteristics. Modern conditions require all participants in design, construction, operation and repair make correct well-founded decisions. variety locomotives, which provide different requirements economic activity, is basis operation. This ...