There has been increasing interest in managing forest stands as uneven-aged structures to promote sustainable harvests as well as maintain ecosystem services. This study provides a framework for simulating conversion of mature even-aged stands to uneven-aged slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) stands using the USDA Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) model. A total of 73 scenarios, representing ...

In this paper we develop a new approach for land leveling in order to improve the topology of a large area for irrigation or civil projects. The objective in proposed model is to minimize the total volume of cutting so that technical requirements of land leveling such as suitable slope and standard ratio of cutting to filling and maximum penstock point’s height are considered. We develop a warp...

Introduction The formatIOn of periodIC patterns (stnatlOn) has drawn much attentIon In contInUOUS wave laser cutt time (s) tp time penod per oxidation cycle (s) U gas velOCIty profile (m/s) Uo streamwlse gas velOCIty (m/s) V Interfacial velOCIty (m/s) u lIqUId velOCIty In x dIrectIOn (m/s) v hqUId velOCIty In y dIrectIOn or cuttIng speed (m1s) v. fnctIon velOCIty (m/s) W actIvatIOn energy (J) W...

The effects of cutting tool coating material and cutting speed on cutting forces and surface roughness were investigated by Taguchi experimental design. Main cutting force, Fz is considered as a criterion. The effects of machining parameters were investigated using Taguchi L18 orthogonal array. Optimal cutting conditions were determined using the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio which is calculated ...

We present approximation algorithms for cutting out polygons with line cuts and ray cuts. Our results answer a number of open problems and are either the first solutions or significantly improve over previously known solutions. For the line cutting version, we prove a key property that leads to a simple, constant factor approximation algorithm. For the ray cutting version, we prove it is possib...

Code modularization provides benefits throughout the software life cycle; however, the presence of crosscutting concerns (CCCs) in software hinders its complete modularization. This paper describes IVCon, a tool with a novel approach for completely modularizing CCCs. IVCon enables users to create, examine, and modify their code in two different views: the woven view and the unwoven view. The wo...

The cycle basis of a graph arises in a wide range of engineering problems and has a variety of applications. Minimal and optimal cycle bases reduce the time and memory required for most of such applications. One of the important applications of cycle basis in civil engineering is its use in the force method to frame analysis to generate sparse flexibility matrices, which is needed for optimal a...