Porous volumetric capture elements in microfluidic sensors are advantageous compared to planar capture surfaces due to higher reaction site density and decreased diffusion lengths that can reduce detection limits and total assay time. However a mismatch in refractive indices between the capture matrix and fluid within the porous interstices results in scattering of incident, reflected, or emitt...

Although traditional signal-based structural health monitoring algorithms have been successfully employed for small structures, their application for large and complex bridges has been challenging due to non-stationary signal characteristics with a high level of noise. In this paper, a promising damage detection algorithm is proposed by incorporation of adaptive signal processing and Artificial...

In this paper, the Monte Carlo technique is used to determine the optical detection strategies in three-layered (maternal, amniotic fluid and fetal) tissue model. This model is utilized to estimate the transabdominal optical power and optimum source–detector (S–D) separation. Results based on the launching of 2 million photons with 1 mW optical power showed that the expected optical power outpu...

In general, the choice between boxcar averaging (gated integration) and lock-in detection (phase sensitive detection) is based on the time behavior of the signal. If the signal is fixed in frequency and has a 50 % duty cycle, lock-in detection is best suited. This type of experiment commonly uses an optical chopper to modulate the signal at some low frequency. Signal photons occur at random tim...

Two different receiver strategies for use with photoelectron emitting optical detectors are evaluated. Upper bounds on error probability are derived both for optical communication with pulse position modulation and for the general problem of detecting the presence of a pulsed optical signal in background light. The Poisson statistics of photoelectron emissions are used to find simple, easily ev...

We present here the development of optical pickup for acoustic violin. Unlike other optical pickups, this one works in a reflective mode which is potentially less intrusive. This pickup, aimed principally at pitch tracking, uses a modulation technique to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and limit artifacts of the ambient light.

Introduction: The transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is widely used in optical receiver circuits. The majority of CMOS TIA designs reported in the literature are intended for high speed digital signal reception. The TIA reported in this Letter is optimised for low noise analogue optical signal detection, in a situation where a weak modulated optical signal is superimposed on a large DC background. ...

In this paper, it is shown that the use of real trigonometric transforms can advantageously replace the Fourier transform in optical communication systems, for both all-optical and electronic signal processing. All-optical discrete Hartley transform (DHT) and discrete Cosine transform (DCT) architectures for high-speed optical signal processing, filtering and data compression are given and comp...

The main purpose of this paper is to develop the method of characteristic functions for calculating the detection characteristics in the case of the object surrounded by rough surfaces. This method is to be implemented in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems using optimal resolution algorithms. By applying the specified technique, the expressions have been obtained for the false alarm and cor...