Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) modulates the opioid system by exerting functional anti-opioid activity on neurons, the mechanism of which is unknown. By using a model of SH-SY5Y cells, we recently postulated that anti-opioid activity likely takes place upstream from the signaling cascade, suggesting that NPFF receptors could block opioid receptors by physical interaction. In the present study, fluoresc...

Glutamate neurotransmission plays an important role in the processing of pain and in chronic opioid-induced neural and behavioral plasticity, such as opioid withdrawal and opioid dependence. -Opioid receptors also have been implicated in acute opioid modulation of pain and chronic opioid-induced plasticity, both of which are primarily mediated by -opioid receptors. Using whole-cell patch clamp ...

background: s. alopecuroides, z. officinale and m. officinalis are used traditionally in the treatment of pain. objective: to evaluate the plants effects in the rat formalin test and their activity on the opioid receptors. methods: each rat was placed individually in a cage for 30 min to get acclimated. then 0.05 ml of 10% formalin was injected subcutaneously into the dorsal surface of the righ...

opium is one of the oldest herbal medicines currently used as an analgesic, sedative and antidiarrheal treatment. the effects of opium are principally mediated by the μ -,κ- and δ-opioid receptors. opioid substances consist of all natural and synthetic alkaloids that are derived from opium. most of their effects on gastrointestinal motility and secretion result from suppression of neural activi...

Abstract The consequences of myocardial infarction (MI) are an increasing problem worldwide. Despite spectacular progress in the invasive treatment ischemic heart disease, ability to limit ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury remains largely unrealized. Recent studies have shown that stimulation opioid receptors may confer a cardioprotective effect against I/R injury. Levosimendan, inodilator, is ...

Morphine exerts direct effects on cultured cardiac myocytes from neonatal rats. These effects are mediated via the delta and the kappa opioid receptors, as mu opioid receptors are not present in neonatal cardiomyocyte cultures. Binding parameters to the delta and kappa opioid receptors were determined in membrane preparations from these cultures by heterologous competition to [3H]diprenorphine ...

context inflammatory pains caused by direct stimulation of nociceptors are altered by release of inflammatory mediators, cytokines and chemokines and also gut microbiota. a substantial clinical evidence supports the pivotal role of probiotics in the betterment of inflammatory disorders symptoms such as pain. therefore, this study aimed to review the potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic rol...

The development of new drugs to combat neuroinflammation is highly relevant as it opens up possibilities for the treatment a wide range diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s epilepsy, schizophrenia, depression, and others. Kappa-opioid agonists represent promising class compounds with а high potential be used in neurological conditions accompanied by neuroinflammation. aim study ...

Opioid abuse is a growing global problem. Current therapies for opioid target withdrawal symptoms and have several adverse side effects. There are no treatments to address opioid-induced neural adaptations associated with addiction. Preclinical research demonstrates interactions between the endogenous cannabinoid systems, suggesting that cannabinoids may be used treat addiction dependence. The ...

Chronic pruritus is frequently refractory to currently available treatments. Studies suggest that pruritus may arise from an imbalance of the mu- and kappa-opioid receptor system activity in either the skin or the central nervous system. Stimulation of kappa-opioid receptors by their agonists inhibits pruritus in both animals and humans. The antipruritic effect of kappa-opioid receptors agonist...