ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to establish ophthalmic parameters in the Pomeranian dog breed. Schirmer tear test (STT), breakup time (TBUTT), Jones (JT), aesthesiometry, biomicroscopy, tonometry, non-contact specular microscopy (SM), ophthalmoscopy and ultrasonography (US) were carried out 48 eyes 24 male female dogs from a breeding kennel. Descriptive statistics applied for data ana...

External drainage of subretinal fluid during scleral buckling procedures is considered by many ophthalmologists to be a rather dangerous and uncontrolled process owing to the potential for complications such as retinal incarceration, subretinal hemorrhage, and loss of vitreous. Typically, drainage is monitored externally, with only intermittent use of indirect ophthalmoscopy to assess drainage ...

The optical principles of indirect ophthalmoscopy were mastered by Gullstrand (I 9 I I) although his ophthalmoscope did not achieve wide popularity because of its complexity and limited field of view. Schepens (I947) demonstrated his binocular indirect ophthalmoscope 2I years ago in the United States of America. The instrument described here is a further stage in simplification (Figs I and 2). ...

INTRODUCTION With declining exposure to the ophthalmologic examination in medical school, medical students and their instructors need a simple, effective method for teaching direct ophthalmoscopy. OBJECTIVE Evaluation of canisters as direct ophthalmoscopy teaching aids for medical students. METHODS Two ounce plastic canisters were designed to simulate an eye with 35 mm fundus photographs pl...

AIMS To determine which screening and monitoring tests for diabetic retinopathy are most effective and under what circumstances. METHODS A systematic review of the English language literature, published from 1983 to April 1999. RESULTS Available studies are generally limited in their ability to answer the important questions on the effectiveness of tests for early detection of diabetic reti...

OBJECTIVE To describe and appraise the latest simulation models for direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy as a learning tool in the medical field. METHODS The present review was conducted using four national and international databases - PubMed, Scielo, Medline and Cochrane. Initial set of articles was screened based on title and abstracts, followed by full text analysis. It comprises of article...