Relative to a hereditary torsion theory $tau$ we introduce a dimension for a module $M$, called {em $tau$-rank of} $M$, which coincides with the reduced rank of $M$ whenever $tau$ is the Goldie torsion theory. It is shown that the $tau$-rank of $M$ is measured by the length of certain decompositions of the $tau$-injective hull of $M$. Moreover, some relations between the $tau$-rank of $M$ and c...

This paper is devoted to an innovative and efficient technique for solving space–time fractional differential equations (STFPDEs). To this end, we apply the Tau method such that bases used are interpolating scaling functions (ISFs). The operational metrics derivative operator integration introduce matrix Caputo derivative. Due some characteristics of ISFs, as interpolation, computation costs ca...

‎Let $R$ be a $*$-prime ring with center‎ ‎$Z(R)$‎, ‎$d$ a non-zero $(sigma,tau)$-derivation of $R$ with associated‎ ‎automorphisms $sigma$ and $tau$ of $R$‎, ‎such that $sigma$‎, ‎$tau$‎ ‎and $d$ commute with $'*'$‎. ‎Suppose that $U$ is an ideal of $R$ such that $U^*=U$‎, ‎and $C_{sigma,tau}={cin‎ ‎R~|~csigma(x)=tau(x)c~mbox{for~all}~xin R}.$ In the present paper‎, ‎it is shown that if charac...

The existing tau-selection strategy, which was designed for explicit tau leaping, is here modified to apply to implicit tau leaping, allowing for longer steps when the system is stiff. Further, an adaptive strategy that identifies stiffness and automatically chooses between the explicit and the (new) implicit tau-selection methods to achieve better efficiency is proposed. Numerical testing demo...

 A topoframe, denoted by $L_{ tau}$,  is a pair $(L, tau)$ consisting of a frame $L$ and a subframe $ tau $ all of whose elements are complementary elements in $L$. In this paper, we define and study the notions of a $tau $-real-continuous function on a frame $L$ and the set of real continuous functions $mathcal{R}L_tau $ as an $f$-ring. We show that $mathcal{R}L_{ tau}$ is actually a generali...

Abstract. It is proved that the eigenvalues of the Jacobi Tau method for the second derivative operator with Dirichlet boundary conditions are real, negative and distinct for a range of the Jacobi parameters. Special emphasis is placed on the symmetric case of the Gegenbauer Tau method where the range of parameters included in the theorems can be extended and characteristic polynomials given by...

The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) correlations of seven prototypical 5-HT(1A) agonists were analyzed on the basis of a recently proposed semi-mechanistic PK-PD model for the effect on body temperature. The resulting concentration-effect relationships were subsequently analyzed on the basis of the operational model of agonism to estimate the operational affinity (pK(A)) and efficacy (l...

For chemical systems involving both fast and slow scales, stiffness presents challenges for efficient stochastic simulation. Two different avenues have been explored to solve this problem. One is the slow-scale stochastic simulation (ssSSA) based on the stochastic partial equilibrium assumption. The other is the tau-leaping method. In this paper we propose a new algorithm, the slow-scale tau-le...

this paper introduces a numerical method for solving the vasicek model by using a stochastic operational matrix based on the triangular functions (tfs) in combination with the collocation method. the method is stated by using conversion the vasicek model to a stochastic nonlinear system of $2m+2$ equations and $2m+2$ unknowns. finally, the error analysis and some numerical examples are provided...

The main aim of this article is to generalize the Legendre operational matrix to the fractional derivatives and implemented it to solve the nonlinear multi-order fractional differential equations. In this approach, a truncated Legendre series together with the Legendre operational matrix of fractional derivatives are used. The main characteristic behind the approach using this technique is that...