The isotropic–nematic transition of nano-rod monolayers with fore–aft symmetry is second order, in stark contrast to the first-order phase transition explained by Onsager [L. Onsager, Ann. (N.Y.) Acad. Sci. 51 (1949) 627] for rods in three dimensions. Here we show that the coupling of a dipole potential to excluded volume is sufficient to re-instate a first-order phase transition of rods confin...

We apply our quantum macrostatistical treatment of irreversible processes [18] to prove that, in nonequilibrium steady states, (a) the hydrodynamical observables execute a generalised Onsager-Machlup [12] process and (b) the spatial correlations of these observables are generically of long range. The key assumptions behind these results are a nonequilibrium version of Onsager regression hypothe...

The Onsager regression hypothesis states that the regression of fluctuations is governed by macroscopic equations describing the approach to equilibrium. It is here asserted that this hypothesis fails in the quantum case. This is shown first by explicit calculation for the example of quantum Brownian motion of an oscillator and then in general from the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. It is ass...

A theory is presented to account for the increase in surface tension of water in the presence of electrolyte. Unlike the original “grandcanonical” calculation of Onsager and Samaras, which relied on the Gibbs adsorption isotherm and lead to a result which could only be expressed as an infinite series, our approach is “canonical” and produces an analytic formula for the excess surface tension. F...

We set up a discrete space-time dynamical model of molecules with thermalised kinetic energy and repulsive cores, in an external potential. The model obeys the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The continuum limit, obtained using a MAPLE program, gives rise to coupled reaction-diffusion equations for the density and temperature fields. The system obeys Onsager symmetry and exhibits the S...

Several variational principles that have been proposed for nonequilibrium systems are analyzed. These include the principle of minimum rate of entropy production due to Prigogine [Introduction to Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes (Interscience, New York, 1967)], the principle of maximum rate of entropy production, which is common on the internet and in the natural sciences, two principle...

In this paper we clarify the role of heat flux in the hydrodynamic balance equations, facilitating the formulation of an Onsager relation within the framework of this theory. Previously thought to be unobtainable from the present form of the theory [X. (1988)], our verification of the Onsager relation for linear particle and heat flux currents driven by electric fields and temperature gradients...

The liquid-vapor interfacial tension of various simple, polar, and ionic fluids is studied in a corresponding-states analysis originally suggested by Guggenheim [1]. The results for real fluids are compared to the corresponding ones for model fluids of each of the three types. For simple and weakly polar fluids, the data is mapped onto a master curve, as already demonstrated by Guggenheim. For ...

The Onsager Lie algebra O is often used to study integrable lattice models. universal enveloping of admits a q-deformation Oq called the q-Onsager algebra. Recently, an was introduced alternating central extension Oq. We introduce that roughly described by following two analogies: (i) as Oq; (ii) O. call give comprehensive description

* Contribution No. 1275. 1 L. Onsager, Physik. Z., 27, 388, 1926. 2 L. Onsager, ibid., 28, 277, 1927. 3 L. Onsager and R. M. Fuoss, J. Phys. Chem., 36, 2689, 1932. In order to save space, material in pp. 2689-2704 and 2735-2744 of this reference will be used without rederivation. A review of this work is available in H. S. Harned and B. B. Owen, Physical Chemistry of Electrolytic Solutions, (Ne...