This article explores the role of annotations as reflection amplifiers while studying in an Open Educational Resources distance course. A controlled experiment reveals that the treatment groups using frequent and local annotations did not perform better at the test. However, measures within the treatments exhibit a moderate but significant improvement of the mark in the group composed of high a...

The language used in online forums differs in many ways from that of traditional language resources such as news. One difference is the use and frequency of nonliteral, subjective dialogue acts such as sarcasm. Whether the aim is to develop a theory of sarcasm in dialogue, or engineer automatic methods for reliably detecting sarcasm, a major challenge is simply the difficulty of getting enough ...

Abstract While course videos are powerful teaching resources in online courses, students often have difficulty sustaining their attention while watching and comprehending the content. This study adopted teacher annotations on as an instructional support to engage videos. Forty-two undergraduate at a university Taiwan were randomly divided into control group that watched video without annotation...

MOTIVATION The biological community's reliance on computational annotations of protein function makes correct assessment of function prediction methods an issue of great importance. The fact that a large fraction of the annotations in current biological databases are based on computational methods can lead to bias in estimating the accuracy of function prediction methods. This can happen since ...

Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems can be used also for other purposes than online access to unannotated image databases. In particular, when a CBIR system is equipped with an automatic image segmentation subsystem, keyword annotations given on image level can be focused on specific image segments. In this paper, we show that our PicSOM CBIR system is able to reveal semantic knowledge...

miRBase is the primary online repository for all microRNA sequences and annotation. The current release (miRBase 16) contains over 15,000 microRNA gene loci in over 140 species, and over 17,000 distinct mature microRNA sequences. Deep-sequencing technologies have delivered a sharp rise in the rate of novel microRNA discovery. We have mapped reads from short RNA deep-sequencing experiments to mi...

Tagging in online social networks is very popular these days, as it facilitates search and retrieval of diverse resources available online. However, noisy and spam annotations often make it difficult to perform an efficient search. Users may make mistakes in tagging and irrelevant tags and resources may be maliciously added for advertisement or self-promotion. Since filtering spam annotations a...

Web 2.0 applications like Flickr, YouTube, or Del.icio.us are increasingly popular online communities for creating, editing and sharing content. However, the rapid increase in size of online communities and the availability of large amounts of shared data make discovering relevant content and finding related users a difficult task. Web 2.0 applications provide a rich set of structures and annot...

This paper proposes direct learning of image classification from user-supplied tags, without filtering. Each tag is supplied by the user who shared the image online. Enormous numbers of these tags are freely available online, and they give insight about the image categories important to users and to image classification. Our approach is complementary to the conventional approach of manual annot...

Online and offline handwritten Chinese text recognition (HTCR) has been studied for decades. Early methods adopted oversegmentation-based strategies but suffered from low speed, insufficient accuracy, high cost of character segmentation annotations. Recently, segmentation-free based on connectionist temporal classification (CTC) attention mechanism, have dominated the field HCTR. However, peopl...