Bacterial cold water disease (BCWD) is a globally distributed freshwater fish disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Flavobacterium psychrophilum. It is a particularly devastating infection in fry salmonids and may lead to high levels of mortality. In spite of its economic impact on fish farms, neither the biology of the bacterium nor the bacterium-host interactions are well understood. ...

Pasteurella multocida (Pm) is a gram-negative bacterium able to infect different animal species, including human beings. This bacterium causes economic losses to the livestock industry because of its high morbidity and mortality in animals. In this work, we report the characterization of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released into the culture medium by different Pm serogroups. Purified OMVs in...

Pasteurella multocida possesses various virulence factors, including capsule, lipopolysaccharide, fimbriae, toxins, outer membrane proteins, and adhesions. Adhesins have a crucial role in mediating colonization and invasion of the host. The aim of the present study was to identify the prevalence of adhesion factor genes and resistance/sensitivity patterns among the avian P. multocida isolates f...

A total of 30 Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from 333 pneumonic and apparently health slaughter cattle were examined for capsule biosynthesis genes and 23 virulence-associated genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The disc diffusion technique was used to determine antimicrobial resistance profiles among the isolates. Of the isolates, 23 belonged to capsular type A, 5 to capsular typ...

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Lottg alld eolni)licated seltteltces prov(: to b(: a. stumbling block for current systems relying on N[, input. These systenls s tand to gaill frolil ntethods that syntacti<:aHy simplily su<:h sentences. ']b simplify a sen= tence, we nee<t an idea of tit(." structure of the sentence, to identify the <:omponents to be separated out. Obviously a parser couhl be used to obtain the complete structu...