Headaches and papilloedema are key features of idiopathic (benign) intracranial hypertension (IIH). We describe three children in whom IIH was diagnosed in the absence of papilloedema. Recognition of atypical cases of IIH is important because pressure lowering treatment may be effective.

Long dismissed as unscientific, teleological explanation has been undergoing something of a revival as a result of the emergence of selforganization theory, which combines micro-level dynamics with macrolevel boundary conditions to explain the tendency of systems to develop toward stable end-states. On that methodological basis this article argues that a global monopoly on the legitimate use of...