Article history: Received 7 February 2011 Received in revised form 28 June 2011 Accepted 5 July 2011 Available online 18 July 2011 When examining questions regarding the Lewis model, one of the most salient set of facts involves the shift of labor between agricultural and the off farm sectors. The goal of this paper is to answer several questions about the nature of this movement: How has the e...

Agricultural producers have been experiencing significant income pressures, leading to a search for alternative sources of income. One of such is value-added agricultural businesses that allow the farmers to stay on the farm and undertake entrepreneurial ventures to improve their finances. How do farmers make sense of their environment as they consider their options for value-added business ven...

As farm income from tobacco production has declined in recent years, there has been increasing interest in identifying alternative sources of income for tobacco farmers in the southern United States The recent termination of the tobacco quota program has accelerated the exit of tobacco farmers and has heightened concern regarding the availability of substitutes for tobacco production. In this s...

The socio-economic development of largely subsistence-oriented rural areas is a prominent policy objective in Laos. Whereas in the surrounds of major urban centres and regions with favourable infrastructure and market access a dynamic industrial and service sector have emerged, most of the countryside remains economically undeveloped. Cultivation of commercial tree species is acknowledged as a ...

The changes in the employment structure rural China are studied with a focus on off farm self-employment. Data from Household Income Project surveys covering same 14 provinces 1988 to 2018 used. We find that proportion of adults self-employment as their primary form off-farm increased only 2 percent 11 2013, no further increases through 2018. In and 1995, rate was highest eastern region, but th...

abstract using tobit model, this study investigated factors affecting on crop risk frequency of farmers in the north khorasan province. data was collected through interviewing 120 farmers of north khorasan province in 2008. results showed that age, farm ownership and off farm employment affected frequency of risk negatively. non-agricultural activity, participating in a crop supervisory plan an...

D uring the last three decades, nonmetropoli-tan America has been relatively successful in recruiting and nurturing manufacturing activity. Yet with this success, rural America has realized that a development strategy focused on manufacturing, especially manufacturing in branch plants, will likely disappoint. There are simply too few new or relocating manufacturing plants to satisfy all communi...