The ostrich is highly specialized in terrestrial locomotion and is the only extant bird that is both didactyl and exhibits a permanently elevated metatarsophalangeal joint. This extreme degree of digitigrady provides an excellent opportunity for the study of phalangeal adaptation towards fast, sustained bipedal locomotion. Data were gathered in a semi-natural setting with hand-raised, cooperati...

The purpose of this study was to analyze the transformation of the center of gravity (CG) in the running single leg horizontal jump and to investigate the influence of the forward rotation of the takeoff leg in achieving vertical CG velocity. The subjects were 98 male long jumpers, whose mean best official jump among their recorded trials was 7.16 ± 0.66 m. Their takeoff motion was videotaped w...

s S55 Eur J Echocardiography Abstracts Supplement, December 2006 analysed by 2 separate observers. TOE and RT-3DE images were acquired digitally on the Phillips IE33 ultrasound machine and stored for off line analysis. The RT-3DE datasets were analysed with Phillips Qlab software (version 4.0). Leaflet segments and commissures were displayed in short axis en-face and long axis views. Echocardio...

Synonyms.?Bengal (Hong Kong, Singapore, etc.) rot, mango-toe, athlete's foot and foot tethers are synonyms for ringworm of the foot. The disease is caused by a fungus, chiefly the Epidermophyton fioccosum, and the nidus of infection is usually the feet, between the toes, especially the fourth and fifth toe, and the groin area. From the toes the infection spreads to the other parts of the foot a...

We compared the electromyographic (EMG) signals of lower extremity muscle groups in 10 children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) while walking barefoot and in a hinged ankle-foot orthosis (HAFO). All children had excessive plantarflexion and initial toe-contact on the affected side when walking barefoot, a typical gait pattern for hemiplegic patients. The patients walked with a physiological...

Wide variety of timings and techniques has been used based on the housing, production, availability of requirements etc. This current study was done for a morphologic evaluation of the cow's digit in different trimming times. A dairy herd with 2200 milking cow, free stalls barns, average daily production of 36 liters per cow was selected. Forty cows were assigned to four groups based on hoof tr...

Mechanically, the most economical gait for slow bipedal locomotion requires walking as an 'inverted pendulum', with: I, an impulsive, energy-dissipating leg compression at the beginning of stance; II, a stiff-limbed vault; and III, an impulsive, powering push-off at the end of stance. The characteristic 'M'-shaped vertical ground reaction forces of walking in humans reflect this impulse-vault-i...

OBJECTIVE To assess the reliability of aortic valve area planimetry by multiplane transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) in aortic stenosis. DESIGN Study of the diagnostic value of aortic valve area planimetry using multiplane TOE, compared with catheterisation and the continuity equation, both being considered as criterion standards. SETTING University hospital. PATIENTS 49 consecutive ...