The determination of the nematic order parameter S and the orientational distribution function (ODF) from scattering data involve severe approximations. The validity of these are studied here using Monte-Carlo simulations of hard spherocylinders with an aspect ratio of 15 for varying densities in the isotropic and nematic phase. The "exact" ODF of the rods, the "exact" value of S, and the inten...

INTRODUCTION: To remove noise artifacts and enhance SNR, diffusion-weighted (DW) measurements are often repeated multiple times (NEX) along each gradient direction (typically, from 2 to 4 measurements) and each DW image is averaged. This averaging increases acquisition time considerably. It is also not clear what effects it has on the reconstructed diffusion profiles such as the orientation dis...

Bone is a dynamic tissue, in which bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts continue throughout life. In 1998, we molecularly cloned osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF), a long-thought factor responsible for osteoclast formation. This review article describes how Japanese scientists contributed to osteoclast biology before and after the discovery of ODF. This review ...

An area is categorized as Open Defecation Free (ODF) when the community has carried out total sanitation practices and does not defecate openly. In Indonesia, more than 58 million people still practice open defecation; in city of Bandung only 17 151 sub-districts have 100% ODF categorization Cibaduyut sub-district 26% ODF. This study aimed to determine factors associated with levels defecation ...

A technique to quantify the uncertainty in an estimated orientation distribution function (ODF) by propagating the uncertainty from measured pole figures is demonstrated in this paper using Monte Carlo techniques and the Matlab toolbox for quantitative texture analysis. Unlike the uncertainty in the measured pole figures, where small values of intensity correlate to high uncertainty, uncertaint...

The outer dense fiber (ODF) genes encode proteins that co-assemble along the axoneme of the sperm tail. Recently, it was demonstrated that some ODF genes are aberrantly expressed in tumors, including prostate adenocarcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and chronic myeloid lymphoma. We cloned ODF3 and ODF4 cDNA from the testis of a patient suffering from prostate adenocarcinoma and found two alte...

Current methods in high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) estimate the probability density function of water diffusion as a continuous-valued orientation distribution function (ODF) on the sphere. However, such methods could produce an ODF with negative values, because they enforce non-negativity only at finitely many directions. In this paper, we propose to enforce non-negativity on...

INTRODUCTION MR tractography methods depend on the accurate estimation of orientation distribution functions (ODFs) from diffusion MRI data. A new ODF estimation method called the Funk-Radon and Cosine Transform (FRACT) was recently introduced for this purpose [1]. The FRACT is a linear method that generalizes the previous Funk-Radon Transform (FRT) [2]. While the FRACT is as easy to characteri...