Great strides have recently been made in quantitative measurements of tear film thickness and thinning, mathematical modeling thereof and linking these to sensory perception. This paper summarizes recent progress in these areas and reports on new results. The complete blink cycle is used as a framework that attempts to unify the results that are currently available. Understanding of tear film d...

OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the ocular surface of late stage eye burns by impression cytology (IC) and analyze the cytological changes and their relationship to ocular surface abnormalities. PATIENTS AND METHODS 68 eyes with late stage eye burns (thermal burn: 28 eyes; alkali burn: 26 eyes; acid burn: 14 eyes), procured from 68 patients (aged ranges from 17 to 70 years old). Ocular s...

Tear hyperosmolarity is thought to play a key role in the mechanism of dry eye, a common symptomatic condition accompanied by visual disturbance, tear film instability, inflammation and damage to the ocular surface. We have constructed a model for the mass and solute balance of the tears, with parameter estimation based on extensive data from the literature which permits the influence of tear e...

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of tear film and the associated temperature variation for partial blinks. We investigate the mechanism of fluid supply during partial blink cycles, and compare the film thickness with observation in vivo. We find that varying the thickness of the fluid layer beneath the moving upper lid improves the agreement for the in vivo measurement of tear film th...

BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated that pterygium has a close relationship with dry eye disease. This study is to determine abnormalities in meibomian gland and tear function in patients with pterygium and to assess the relationship between the variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty eyes from forty patients with primary nasal pterygium and forty eyes from forty volunteers without ocu...

The hydrophobic surfactant proteins B (SP-B) and C (SP-C) are tightly bound to phospholipids. These proteins play important roles in maintaining the surface tension-lowering properties of pulmonary surfactant. Surfactant protein A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) are extremely hydrophilic and are thought to have a role in recycling surfactant and especially in improving host defense in the lung. Moreover, S...

X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dyplasia (XLHED) is the most common form of ectodermal dysplasia. It often presents with ocular symptoms, already in early childhood. Multiple ophthalmological tests are available, but in early childhood only tests of lower invasiveness can be applied. We have evaluated tear film tests and ocular surface staining as screening methods in pediatric patients with s...

PURPOSE To examine clinical findings and histologic changes on the conjunctival surface in ocular rosacea. METHODS Thirty-five patients with ocular rosacea and 30 normal subjects underwent dermatologic and ocular examinations. Tear film break-up time, Schirmer tests with and without topical anesthesia, and conjunctival impression cytology were done. Patients were divided into the following gr...

PURPOSE The goal of the present study was to develop a poly (ethylene oxide) N10 (PEO N10) based melt-cast matrix system for efficient and prolonged delivery of hesperetin (HT), a promising bioflavonoid, to the posterior segment of the eye through the topical route. METHODS HT film was prepared by melt-cast method using PEO N10 and cut into 4mm×2mm segments, each weighing 8mg. This film was e...

Objective(s): Micelles have been studied as nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for improving the topical ocular delivery of hydrophobic drugs. The objective of this study was to develop and characterize dexamethasone-loaded polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone (PCL-PEG-PCL) micelles to improve patient compliance and enhance the ocular bioavailability of poorly water-soluble ...