Breathing is irregular during rapid eye-movement (REM) sleep, whereas it is stable during non-REM sleep. Why this is so remains a mystery. We propose that irregular breathing has a cortical origin and reflects the mental content of dreams, which often accompany REM sleep. We tested 21 patients with narcolepsy who had the exceptional ability to lucid dream in REM sleep, a condition in which one ...

In these pages we have the records of an extensive experimental research in the above branch of physiology, and also a summary of the previously recorded work of others. The author describes with lucidity the numerous and varied experiments he has made in the attempt to shed light upon the problem of the cerebral circulation. That he has exercised great care and ingenuity in devising and perfor...

THE INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I (IGF-I) gene plays a critical role in numerous physiological aspects of skeletal muscle, including development, metabolic function, and postnatal muscle growth. Further, the manipulation of IGF-I expression may have promising therapeutic use for treating various disorders of skeletal muscle and metabolism. Unfortunately, due to the complexity of the IGF-I gene, ...

In this chapter, the authors examine digital environments as a learning spaces and site of extended cognition by demonstrating the presence of active learning in both video games and their linked online collaborative communities. The authors use Shaun Gallagher’s theory of extended mind to posit the notion that the shared cognitive space created in the game between creator and player can be ext...

are disappointing." The difference in the style of writing is most marked. At tines our interest has been more than held by the lucidity and the simplicity of the papers, whilst at others our amusement has been but stimulated by the very pedantry exhibited. Dr. James Welsh in his article on "Disease Simulation'' inveighs against the use of other than simple words, remarking on page 66 of Vol. 1...

out that we are convinced every student of refraction should make himself acquainted with Mr Parsons' work. It is exceedingly well arranged and clearly expressed and the mathematical problems are stated with such lucidity that no one with a fair knowledge of mathematics can fail to follow them I he work may be said to stand midway between Hartridges Refraction and Donder s big work while improv...

Abstract Background and Aims Autoantibodies binding to podocyte antigens cause idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis (iMGN). However, it remains elusive how autoantibodies reach the subepithelial space because glomerular filtration barrier is normally size selective impermeable for antibodies. Method Kidney biopsies from patients with MGN, cell culture, zebrafish mice models were used invest...