this article presents a new technique for weakening the superior oblique muscle by lengthening it's tendon. lengthening is accomplished by a nasal superior oblique tenotomy, and by inserting a segment of silicone band 240 between the cut ends of the tendon. this technique is useful for the treatment of brown syndrome and cases with superior oblique overaction.

A rigorous theoretical investigation has been made on the nonlinear propagation of dust-ion-acoustic shock waves in a multi-component magnetized pair-ion plasma (PIP) having inertial warm positive and negative ions, inertialess non-thermal electrons positrons, static negatively charged massive dust grains. The Burgers’ equation is derived by employing reductive perturbation method. model suppor...

The acceleration time scale for the process of first-order Fermi acceleration in rela-tivistic shock waves with oblique magnetic field configurations is investigated by the method of Monte Carlo particle simulations. We discuss the differences in derivation of the cosmic ray acceleration time scale for non-relativistic and relativistic shocks. We demonstrate the presence of correlation between ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Congenital superior oblique palsy is known to relate to trochlear nerve absence and a variable degree of superior oblique muscle hypoplasia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether superior oblique muscle volume predicts trochlear nerve absence in congenital superior oblique palsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study of high-resolution MR imaging to e...

Retroplacement and torsional manipulation of the globe during forced duction testing provide an exaggerated traction test of the oblique muscles, allowing graded evaluation of superior oblique and inferior oblique tightness. On a scale from 0 to 4 +, normal superior oblique tightness averages 1.5+, and normal inferior oblique tightness averages about 1+. The degree of superior oblique or inferi...

BACKGROUND Congenital superior oblique palsy is usually associated with a structural abnormality of the superior oblique tendon. There have been many reports of familial congenital superior oblique palsy. However, there has been no MRI documentation of familial superior oblique hypoplasia. METHODS Ophthalmological examination and orbital MRI were performed in three patients in a pedigree with...

We describe a new numerical 3D relativistic hydrodynamical code and present the results of three validation tests. A comparison of an axisymmetric jet simulation using the 3D code, with corresponding results from an earlier 2D code, reveal that a) the enforcement of axisymmetry in the 2D case had no significant influence on the global morphology and dynamics; b) although 3D studies typically ha...

conclusions the study findings indicate that short-term exercises had no significant effect on the ratio of vmo to vl muscle fiber angles in patients with pfps. results there were no significant differences in the muscle strength and fiber angle of the vmo, vl oblique and longus muscles after training between the control and experimental groups (p > 0.05). patients and methods thirty-five subje...

b ackground: in 1991, wright described a superior oblique expander procedure for browns syndrome and superior overaction with good results. originally, this procedure has been performed with silicone band expander. the aim of this study was to report the results of treatment of a series of patients with a-pattern strabismus associated with overacting superior oblique muscle using the fascia lat...