Latin nonfinite structures with nonovert subjects exhibit puzzling properties regard to the case- and ϕ-features of their relationship overt NPs in matrix clauses. While transmission ϕ-feature related is obligatory when there a nominative or accusative controller NP, it only that remains dative controller, case being apparently optional. To avoid an assumption syntactic optionality, accounts ph...

The reform of the Polish national education system started in the school year 1999/2000. One of the main features of it is the plan to integrate Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into almost all school subjects. The second important feature is preparing students to use computers and software in other subjects during separate ICT lessons. The separate lessons on using computers and ...

This paper raises the empirical point that modal subordination is not always obligatory, and that moreover, this is a point of lexical variation. Some modals, like will, which I call definite modals, undergo modal subordination obligatorily, and some, like gonna, which I call nondefinite modals, do so optionally. I propose a dynamic framework in which, following from Frank (1997), information s...

Lip-reading has been shown to improve the intelligibility of speech in multitalker situations, where auditory stream segregation naturally takes place. This study investigated whether the benefit of lip-reading is a result of a primary audiovisual interaction that enhances the obligatory streaming mechanism. Two behavioral experiments were conducted involving sequences of French vowels that alt...

Comparative studies on science curricula provide insights into educational standards worldwide. Accordingly, in this study, we analysed the intended of mathematics and subjects Czech Republic, Estonia, Poland Slovenia by comparing their lower secondary (ISCED 2) National Curriculum Documents mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geography geology from perspective learning outcomes. By docum...