Plasmid-encoded adherence factors have been shown to be important for the full expression of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) pathogenicity and for EPEC adhesion to cultured HEp-2 cells. EPEC strain E2348 (O127) shows localized HEp-2 cell adhesion and possesses a 60-megadalton plasmid, pMAR2. When E2348 is cured of pMAR2 it loses the ability to adhere to HEp-2 cells, while nonadherent E...

We report the development and evaluation of a Salmonella O-group-specific Bio-Plex assay to detect the six most common serogroups in the United States (B, C(1), C(2), D, E, and O13) plus serotype Paratyphi A. The assay is based on rfb gene targets directly involved in O-antigen biosynthesis; it can be completed 45 min post-PCR amplification. The assay correctly and specifically identified 362 o...

In this study, we have investigated the ability of detoxified Shiga toxin (Stx)-converting bacteriophages Phi3538 (Deltastx(2)::cat) (H. Schmidt et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:3855-3861, 1999) and H-19B::Tn10d-bla (D. W. Acheson et al., Infect. Immun. 66:4496-4498, 1998) to lysogenize enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains in vivo. We were able to transduce the porcine EPEC stra...

Isolates of the most common O serogroups of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) associated with infant diarrhea (designated class I) adhere to Hep-2 cells; the genes for this adhesin, termed EPEC adherence factor (EAF), are located on plasmids 50-70 MDa in size. Volunteers ingested 10(10) organisms of an O127:H6 Hep-2-adhesive class I strain (E2348/69) or its plasmid-minus, nonadhesive der...

It had been suggested that the flagella of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) might contribute to host colonization. In this study, we set out to investigate the adhesive properties of H7 and H6 flagella. We studied the abilities of EHEC EDL933 (O157:H7) and EPEC E2348/69 (O127:H6) flagella to bind to bovine mucus, host proteins such as mucins, and ext...

In 1927 Adam reported the association of certain fermentative types of Escherichia coli with diarrhea in infants. Goldschmidt (1933) made similar observations. Bray (1945) in England demonstrated the presence of a specific serologic "O" type, 0111, of E. coli in an epidemic of diarrhea among newborn infants and focused attention on E. coli as a possible etiologic agent. Subsequent studies were ...

In modern medical processes, new antimicrobial drugs are being widely used in order to rapid and essential eradication of resistant bacterial strains. Broad-spectrum beta-lactamases are enzymes originated from mutations in the common plasmid genes mediators for beta-lactamases such as TEM-1, TEM-2, and SHV-1 are transferred among bacterial species. The genes coding the production of ESBL are of...

The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), either during "suicidal" or "vital" NETosis, represents an important strategy of neutrophils to combat Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is a reported stimulus for NET formation. Although it is widely acknowledged that the structural diversity in LPS structure...

This study introduces the respiratory exchange ratio (RER; the ratio of whole-body CO2 production to O2 consumption) as an aid to monitor metabolic acidosis during the early phase of endotoxic shock in unanesthetized, freely moving rats. Two serotypes of lipopolysaccharide (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] O55:B5 and O127:B8) were tested at shock-inducing doses (0.5-2 mg/kg). Phasic rises in RER were o...