Sea Floor ElectroMagnetic Stations (SFEMSs) are now operating at two deep seafloor sites called the 'WPB' and the 'NWP' in the West Philippine Basin and the Northwest Pacific Basin, respectively. One of the main objectives of the SFEMSs is to detect the geomagnetic secular variations on the deep seafloor where long-term geomagnetic observations have not so far been achieved. SFEMSs can measure ...

Quantitative Precipitation Nowcasting (QPN) is one of the main applications of radar observations. On one hand, one of the most used nowcasting algorithms is Lagrangian extrapolation. It shows skill in specifying the timing and location of precipitation over short time periods, but shows low skill when using past precipitation trends to predict changes in precipitation intensity. On the other h...

Numerical weather prediction (NWP) has proven to be computationally challenging due to its inherent multiscale nature. Currently, the highest resolution NWP models use a horizontal resolution of about 10 km. At this resolution many important processes in the atmosphere are not resolved. Needless to say this introduces errors. In order to increase the resolution of NWP models highly scalable atm...

The current operational very short-term and shortterm quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) at the Meteorological Service of Catalonia (SMC) is made by three different methodologies: Advection of the radar reflectivity field (ADV), Identification, tracking and forecasting of convective structures (CST) and numerical weather prediction (NWP) models using observational data assimilation (rada...

1. Introduction Many of the recent conflicts where the United States (US) military forces have been deployed are regions that contain complex terrain (i.e. Korea, Kosovo, Afghanistan, and northern Iraq). Accurate weather forecasts are critical to the success of operations in these regions and are typically supplied by numerical weather prediction (NWP) models like the US Navy NOGAPS, CAOMPS, an...

Deterministic Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models integrate the conservation equations of atmospheric mass, heat, motion, and water. With respect to gridpoint NWP models, the difference terms in the equations are approximated as taylor expansions and are integrated forward in time (Pielke 2002). Processes resolved on the grid-scale are referred to as model dynamics. Sub-grid scale process...

The quality of precipitation forecasts from four Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models is evaluated over the Ovens catchment in Southeast Australia. Precipitation forecasts are compared with observed precipitation at point and catchment scales and at different temporal resolutions. The four models evaluated are the Australian Community Climate Earth-System Simulator (ACCESS) including ACCES...

One characteristic of numerical weather prediction (NWP) practice in the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (‘the Bureau’) since the early 1970s that distinguishes it from the practices in many other national meteorological centres has been the ongoing effort to incorporate the skills of manual analysis, including satellite imagery interpretation, into the initial states for NWP. Both the way in ...

The ocean and the atmosphere are coupled by the fluxes of momentum, heat, and water, but in situ measurements of these fluxes are sparse and uneven. Global fields of these fluxes can be derived from satellite data or obtained from operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. The NWP models provide quality control and dynamic interpolation of sparse and uneven data. However, dynamic in...