Reducing food losses and waste is considered to be one of the most promising measures to improve food security in the coming decades. Food losses also affect our use of resources, such as freshwater, cropland, and fertilisers. In this paper we estimate the global food supply losses due to lost and wasted food crops, and the resources used to produce them. We also quantify the potential food sup...

By any standards the National Health Service offers investors a superb return on their money. An annual investment of about £370 each yields access to primary health care and treatment in some of the world's most advanced hospitals. Nowhere else offers such a good deal. Yet a rumour has been circulating (for about as long as a reduction in public spending has been in vogue) that the system is g...

A global concerns focus on environmental protection and natural resource management. The sustainability of natural resources has taken central stage amongst researchers, the public and policy makers as a key issue in global change and biodiversity preservation. Need has risen to develop an understanding of microbial diversity responsible for variable reaction in different soil orders. There is ...

While many harmful algal blooms have been associated with increasing eutrophication, not all species respond similarly and the increasing challenge, especially for resource managers, is to determine which blooms are related to eutrophication and to understand why particular species proliferate under specific nutrient conditions. The overall goal of this brief review is to describe why nutrient ...

Citation of scientific materials published on the Internet is often cumbersome because of unwieldy uniform resource locators (URLs). The authors describe a format for URLs that simplifies citation of scholarly materials. Its use depends on a simple HTML device, the "refresh page." Uniform citation would follow this format: [Author I. Title of article. http:// domain/year/month-day(e#).html]. Th...

Title of Document: INTRAHOUSEHOLD RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN SOUTH AFRICA: ITS IMPACT ON CHILDREN’S WELFARE Samia Mahbub Ahmad, Doctor of Philosophy, 2005 Directed By: Associate Professor, Sonalde Desai, Department of Sociology This study is an analytical and empirical assessment of the impact of household structures on children’s welfare using household level data from South Africa. Specifically, ...

Global change drivers are rapidly altering resource availability and biodiversity. While there is consensus that greater biodiversity increases the functioning of ecosystems, the extent to which biodiversity buffers ecosystem productivity in response to changes in resource availability remains unclear. We use data from 16 grassland experiments across North America and Europe that manipulated pl...

General equilibrium theory has been proposed for resource allocation in computational markets. The basic procedure is that agents submit bids and that a resource (re)allocation is performed when a set of prices (one for each commodity) is found such that supply meets demand for each commodity. For successful implementation of large markets based on general equilibrium theory, e cient algorithms...

Sexual dimorphism in resource allocation is expected to change during the life cycle of dioecious plants because of temporal differences between the sexes in reproductive investment. Given the potential for sex-specific differences in reproductive costs, resource availability may contribute to variation in reproductive allocation in females and males. Here, we used Rumex hastatulus, a dioecious...

Phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental variation occurs at all levels of organization and across temporal scales within plants. However, the magnitude and functional significance of plasticity is largely unexplored in perennial species. We measured the plasticity of leaf- and shoot-level physiological, morphological and developmental traits in nursery-grown Populus deltoides Bartr. ...