Dietary reference intakes (DRI), like its predecessor, the recommended dietary allowances (RDA) and the Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs), are reference values, based on the best scientific evidence available. They serve as reference amounts of specific nutrients and food components for use in assessing the adequacy of and in planning for nutritious diets. They have been used for over 50 y as...

PURPOSE Medication and nutrient administration considerations after bariatric surgery are discussed. SUMMARY Bariatric surgery is categorized by surgical technique (i.e., restrictive procedure or a combination of restrictive and malabsorptive procedures). Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the most frequently performed bariatric surgery in the United States. Patients who have undergone this surgery ...

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Plasma concentration-time data after oral and intravenous administration of dexamethasone have been subjected to pharmacokinetic analysis in six neurological or neurosurgical patients taking the steroid with phenytoin, and in nine patients (one studied twice) taking dexamethasone without phenytoin. An additional patient was studied before and during phenytoin intake. Apparent volume of distribu...

Pregnancy is generally a co-operative interaction between mother and fetus in which the evolutionary genetic interests of both benefit from production of healthy offspring. While this view is largely supported by empirical data, Kinship Theory predicts that mother and fetus will disagree over the optimum level of maternal investment that maximises their respective fitnesses. This conflict will ...

oenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays an essential role in mitochondrial electron transport, and as such it is fundamental for energy production in cells. Further, CoQ10 is an antioxidant whose activity is particularly important in regenerating vitamin E. Its ability to quench free-radicals also helps maintain the structural integrity and stability of mitochondrial and cellular membranes—including intracel...

The acidification caused by the dissolution of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) in the ocean changes the chemistry and hence the bioavailability of iron (Fe), a limiting nutrient in large oceanic regions. Here, we show that the bioavailability of dissolved Fe may decline because of ocean acidification. Acidification of media containing various Fe compounds decreases the Fe uptake rate of diat...