Nutcracker syndrome is caused by compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, where it courses in the fork formed at the bifurcation of these arteries. The phenomenon results in left renal venous hypertension, which leads to left renal vein and left gonadal vein varices and unilateral hematuria. The main presenting symptom is hematuria, with or withou...

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare cause of gastrointestinal obstruction, caused by external compression of the third part of the duodenum by the SMA. It may be associated with the Nutcracker phenomenon: external compression of the left renal vein. To our knowledge, there are few reports in the literature describing the coexistence of these two conditions and so we take this op...

Maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) were used to examine the maternal genetic structure at three hierarchical spatial scales: fine scale, coarse scale, and interpopulation. These data were used to draw inferences into Clark’s nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana Wilson) seedcaching flight distances. Statistical analyses of fine-scale and co...

The genetic impact of barriers and Pleistocene glaciations on high latitude resident species has not been widely investigated. The Clark's nutcracker is an endemic North American corvid closely associated with Pinus-dominated forests. The nutcracker's encompasses known barriers to dispersal for other species, and glaciated and unglaciated areas. Clark's nutcrackers also irruptively disperse lon...

Produk turunan kelapa sawit yang harus dijaga selain CPO (crude palm oil) ialah KPO (kernel oil). Minyak kernel (KPO) baik tergantung dari hasil pengolahan biji pada stasiun biji, tepatnya pemecah oleh mesin nutcracker. Penelitian ini telah mengkaji kinerja 4 nutcracker pabrik PTPN VWXYZ sebanyak 3 ulangan per (200 g bahan untuk tiap ulangan) dengan tiga perlakuan kadar air (berdasarkan waktu p...

Nutcracker syndrome refers to the compression of left renal vein, usually between aorta and superior mesenteric artery. Flank pain is most common complaint hematuria can be seen among laboratory findings. This syndrome, which more in women with low body mass index, difficult diagnose.
 A 41-year-old female patient persistent flank was admitted our family medicine outpatient clinic. There n...