The site of lesions responsible for horizontal gaze palsy and various types of internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) was established by identifying the common areas where the abnormal MRI signals from patients with a given ocular-motor disorder overlapped. Patients with unilateral gaze palsy had lesions in the paramedian area of the pons, including the abducens nucleus, the lateral part of the nuc...

The caudal fastigial nucleus (FN) is known to be related to the control of eye movements and projects mainly to the contralateral reticular nuclei where excitatory and inhibitory burst neurons for saccades exist [the caudal portion of the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis (NRPc), and the rostral portion of the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis (NRG) respectively]. However, the exact retic...

In order to investigate the behavioral role of interactions between frontal cortex and reticular nuclei, we examined the effects of single and combined lesions of these structures on the classically conditioned nictitating membrane response (NMR) of rabbits. Lesions of frontal cortex decreased latencies of the conditioned NMRs in reacquisition and retarded extinction of the conditioned response...

Previously we showed that activation of the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract (NTS)-Nucleus Paragigantocellularis (PGi)-Locus coeruleus (LC) pathway, which theoretically culminates with norepinephrine (NE) release in dorsal hippocampus (CA1 region) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) is necessary for the consolidation of object recognition (OR) memory. Here we show that, while the microinjection of the ...

Spinal serotonin is derived entirely from bulbar sources and plays an important role in spinal modulatory processes, including pain modulation. Establishing the electrophysiological properties of SEROTONERGIC bulbospinal neurons in the pontomedullary raphe and reticular formation is critical to understanding the physiological role of serotonin in the spinal cord. Neurons were characterized by t...

We studied the effect of bilateral electrolytic lesions in the medulla oblongata on the cerebral ischemic reflex in 24 anesthetized rabbits. In IS animals lesions were placed in areas from which the differentiated vasomotor component of the response was elicited by electrical stimulation. In four rabbits (group A) the lesions entirely abolished the vasomotor, but not cardiac responses to cerebr...

Introduction: 17β-estradiol modulates nociception by binding to estrogenic receptors and also by allosteric interaction with other membrane-bound receptors like glutamate and GABAA receptors. Beside its autonomic functions, paragigantocellularis lateralis (LPGi) nucleus is also involved in pain modulation. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of the intracellular estrogen...